Naming systems of the world

 

Countries A- G

Country/

Languages

Structure & (Example)

Ethnic groups-Types - History

Women (and on marriage)

Children                   Society

Terms of Address

Further reading-  Notes

Afghanistan

  

Dari (Afghan Persian)

Pashtu,

Uzbek,Turkmen, and other Turkic languages

Ethnic groups: Pashtun,Tajik,Hazara,Uzbek,Aimak,

Turkmen, Baloch

 

Unclassifiable

No easy formula: some bear surnames, some do not

Generally adopt husband’s name

Miran (1975) ‘Naming and address in Afghan society’

Nabizoda (2003) ‘Ismlarimiz khosiiati’ Isbn 5635021786 [Uzbek]

Africa

 

 

 

Musere (1998) ‘African ethnics and personal names’

Asante (1991) ‘The Book of African names’

Adebayo, Bunmi et al (2005) ‘Dictionary of African names : Vol 1- meanings,pronunciation and origins’ –isbn13-978-1-4208-4794-9

 

Albania

  

Albanian

Greek

Vlach

Romani

Albanian,Greek,Serb,

Macedonian,Bulgarian,Other(Vlach,Gypsy)

 

GN + FamN

Agron Leka

 

Mr=Zoti, Mrs=Zonja, Miss= Zonjusha

Stahl ed. (xxxx) ‘Names and social structure : examples fron south east Europe’ Isbn- 0-88033-404-5

Murati (1993) ‘Dëshmime onomastike per autoktonine e shqiptarëve në

trojet etnike të tyre në Maqedoni ‘

Shpuza (1998) ‘Vёzhgim pёr emrat familjarё tё shqiptarёve’

Isbn 9992762322

Algeria

 

 

 

Arabic=official

(French influential)

Berber dialects

 Arab-Berber 99% European 1%

 

GN + FamN

(Hamid Kaddache)

(both GN & FamN may be simple or compound)

particles = al , ibn (ignored in sort order).

The traditional nasab is retained, though preceded by ben and not ibn.

FamN examples:-

Akrama, Amara, Bahari, Beha,r Belaouf, Belghazi , Benachenhou, Ben Bella, Benarbia, Bendjedid, Benhamou, Benida-Merah, Benzai,  Benzine, Boudiaf, Boulmerka ,Boumedienne, Bourrouag,  Bourouiba, Chrayat, Gaid, Diop,  Essaid, Hacini, Hecini, Ilaes, Kaddache, Kateb,,Kelkal, Klouchi ,Krama, Louahla, Mammeri, Matoub, Mazri, Merah ,Sahnine ,Saidi-Sief, Selmi, Tahar, Yacine, Zeroual, Zidane, Zouabri

Take husband’s family name on marriage

Arabic name form may change due to translation into French, or transliteration from Arabic

 

Parzymies (1985) ‘Anthroponymie algérienne : noms de famille modernes

d'origine turque ‘

 

Andorra

   

Catalan (Official).

French & Castillian Spanish +Portuguese

spoken

 Spanish,Andorran, Portuguese, French

 

 

Angola

   

 

Portuguese

(official),

Bantu + other African

languages

Ovimbundu ,Kimbundu,Bakong,Mestico.European

 

GNs + FamN

José Antonio Kiala

 

 

Antigua and Barbuda

English

GN + FamN

James Thomas

 

 

Arabic names

 

►Traditional to c 1800

Name elements { Khitāb : Kunya : Ism : Nasab : Laqab : Nisba}

-Khitāb = word + honorific al-Din (“the faith”)

-Kunya = relationship compound, Abu (father of)

    or Umm  (mother of) + PN

-Ism =GN or PN

-Nasab =PT compound; part ibn +fPN (and part gfPN)

-Laqab = nickname indicating a personal quality (or lack)

-Nisba = term indicating origin, residence, trade

 

►Modern Arabic names

Ism + other names

{e.g. fPN and/or gdPN + Laqab/Nisbah}

-Laqab = Tawfik Al-Hakim

-Nisbah = Muhammad Al-Dīwanī

-Ism = Nūr al-Din Sammūd

The feminine ending –(i)(y)e is commonly added to male names that are adjectives or nouns to form female names e.g. Emin¦Emine, Habip¦Habibe,

Sami¦Samiye

Other feminine element = ümmü  (the mother of) e.g. Ümmühan = ‘the mother of khan’

Whilst the elements –addin and -abdül only appear in male names e.g. Saadettin, Abdullah

Arabic female PNs tend to end with the /e/ and /a/ sounds; whilst male PNs with /i/ and /ü/ sounds

See also – ‘Muslim’ entry

 

Beeston (1971) ‘Arabic nomenclature a summary guide for beginners’

 

 

Argentina

Spanish

GN + fFamN+ mFamN

Magdalena Rodríguez López

Leading surnames:

González, Rodríguez, López,  García, Gómez, Pérez

Other examples: Alberdi, de Alvear, Calvo,Carcano,Castillo, Codovilla, Drago, Echeverría, Güiraldes, Irigoyen, Larreta, Marmol, Naón, Torcuato,Urquiza

Given:Father’s surname: de: husband’s surname

Magdalena Rodríguez de López

Luca (1997) ‘Historia de los apellidos argentinos ‘ Isbn -9879707907

Armenia

   

 

Armenian 98%

Yezidi

Russian

(both c 1%)

Armenian 98%,Yezidi (Kurd),Russian

 

GN + PT + SN

Hovhannes Sahaki Isahakian

Khnarik Vahani Isahakian

Most SNs end in –ian (= son of..).

Some in placename + atsi (or just I)

PT has masc and fem forms

But changing from Russian patronymic system to Western form

36 letter Armenian alphabet

FamN examples: Agojian, Balaayan, Chilingirian, Dakessian, Gasparian, Hadidian, Kochar, Mechitar, Otian, Panosian, SarkawagTigranian, Yeghoian, Zamani

Married women do not take husband’s surname

Mr= Paron, Mrs= Teekeen, Miss= Oriort

CIA (1965)- ‘Armenian personal names’

Awde (1999) ‘Armenian first names’ Isbn- 0781807506

Ekmekdjian (1992) ‘Les prénoms arméniens’ Isbn – 2863640682

Avetisyan (2000)  ‘Hayots azganunneri bažraran : 17051 azganun ‘ Isbn- 9993057223

Australia

 

Aboriginal usage

Whole PN or GN + SN

GN may be aboriginal, western or combined

SN may be aboriginal, western or placename

Big Arthur

Albert Midilikari Djuwandayugu

 

Allen (1990) ‘Family names in Australia & New Zealand’ 

Isbn- 0864172907

Dynes (1984) ‘The complete Australian and New Zealand book of names’

Isbn-0207148619

Radion (1981) ‘Dictionary of Ukrainian surnames in Australia’

Austria

German

GN + SN

Oskar Magrutsch

 

Hornung (1989) ‘Lexikon österreichischer Familiennamen’ (Dictionary of Austrian family names)

Finsterwalder (1978) ‘Tiroler Namenkunde’

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijani

GN  + SN

Kärim Mirzäjev

Dëämilä Mirzäjeva       (feminine)

SNs have masc, fem or gender neutral forms (such as Mämmädli, and names ending in –zadä are also neutral e.g. Ismajylzadä)

“li” , “lu” and  zadä are Azerbaijani endings

 

Azerbaijani Iranis

Adopted FamNs influenced by location and profession as well as relationship suffixes (-pour and –zadeh = born of)

 

 Many acquired FamNs from cities e.g. (Tehrani, Tabrizi, Isfahani, Shirazi, Meshadi). Or the names of their occupations (Kaffash-shoemaker,

Ipakchi-silk trader, Faturachi-rope maker, Damirchi-blacksmith, Chorakchi-

bread maker, Attar-spice seller).

Or abstract terms

Feminine ending (-eva or ova)

Azeri Tadd=

Mr= Janab, Mrs/miss= Khanym

Recent trends

Practice of general public assuming FamNs commenced in 1920’s, under Soviet rule. Forced adoption by adding  Russian suffixes to fPN

With independence came some dropping of Russian suffixes.

Turkish influenced GNs popular e.g. Tura, Semra, Selma and Aydan

Also trad  classical Azerbaijani names like Leyla, Murad, Rustam, Tural,Seljan

 

Qurbanov (1990)

‘Azarbaijan dilinin onomalogiiasy’

Mirzaiev (1986) ‘Adlarymyz ‘

 

Bangladesh

 

 

Bengali

(official)

 

English 

 

Bengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims

Bengali Muslims

Name elements {GN: FamN : PT: PlN: Pseudonym: NN}

Some combinations:-

PN simple =Anwar Pasha

GN + FamN =Muhammad Ali Chowdhury

PT = Asad bin Fazl

Compound name linking elements e.g. al, e, I, ud, ul, ur, us, ush, uz: example = Nażrul Islãm (Bengali merger of Nażr-ul- Islăm)

 

Bengali Hindu

PN or GN +FamN

Some combinations:

Simple or compound PN= Madhābāchārya

PN + FamN = Nirmalchandra Sengupta

 

The 2nd element to PN compounds is often ornamentation e.g. –chandra, charan, -kānta, -kumār, mohan, -nanda, -nāth, -ranjan etc

 

FamN have anglicised forms of the Sankrit

e.g. Banerji (for Bandyopadhyaya etc)

Bose (for Basu, Vasu)

Chatterji (for Chattopādhyaya etc)

Mukherji (for Mukhopadhyaya etc)

Tagore (for Thākur)

 

Bengali Buddhist

N (inc FamN)  or  PN (or GN) + monastic title

Nirodranjan Chākmā        Thera Visuddhananda

 

 

--------------------------------------------------------------

Leading Bangladeshi FamNs:-

Ahmed, Alam, Chowdhury, Das, Hossain, Khan, Muhammad, Patwary, Roy, Rahman

Roy and Sinha are common amongst Bangladeshi Buddhists and Hindus.

Chowdhury and Tālukdār are names common to Buddhists, Hindus amd Muslims

 

UK Leading Bangladeshi FamNs:

Uddin, Ullah, Miah, Ali, Hossain, Ahmed, Gani

Leading PN: Male: Tahir, Amjad, Abbas,Badsha, Salik, Nazrul, Abdul, Rahism

Female- Zoreena, Rahima, Runa, Khaleda, Sabanna, Amina, Hasina

Second Names: Male- Miah, Uddin, Ali,Rahman, Karim, Khan

Female- Begum, Bibi, Khatun, Akhtar, Nessa

Akhtar can be both male and female

(AhktarNessa is female and Akhtar Ahmed is male)

 

Muslim names prefixes:

Janab (for men) and Begum (for married women)

Male Suffix – Shaheb

------------------------------------------------

Datta (1981) ‘A linguistic study of personal names and surnames in

Bengali ‘

Ashrafi (1999) ‘Islame shishuder adhunik namkaran ‘

-------------------------------------------------

 

Hindi prefix

Sri (men) : Srimati (married women)

Male Suffix - Babu

 

 

 

 

 

Barbados

 

GN + SN

John Sealy

UK naming usage

 

Forde (2003) ‘Nicknames of Barbados’ Isbn-9768080132

Belarus

 

 

 

 

 

Belarusian

Russian

Belarusian 81%,Russian 11%, Polish 4%,Ukrainian 2%,

 

GN + PT + SN

Aljaksej Aljaksandravič Kulakoŭski     (masc)

Surnames can be masculine, feminine or both.

 

The ending –enak or –ak is distinctive

FamN examples:

Bič, Harun, Ipataŭ, Litvak, Paškievič, Yaroš

 

 

Mr=Spadar, Mrs=Spadarynya, Miss= Spadarynya

Pauls (1969) ‘Type, structure and usage of surnames in the Brest-

Litovsk region’  Onoma

Bulletin 14

(2005) ‘Slo unik asabovykh ulasnykh imion’ --"Belaruskaia navuka", Isbn 9850806486

Belgium

Official= French: German: Flemish

GN + SN

Maurice Walschap

Leading surnames (all Flemish):-

Peeters, Janssens, Maes, Jacobs, Mertens, Willems,, Claes, Goossens, Wouters, De Smet

 

Leading Walloon surnames:-

Dubois, Lambert, Martin, Dupont, Dumont, Leclercq, Simon, Laurent, Lejeune, Renard

 

Distribution

Reading:

Carnoy, (1953) ‘Origines des noms de familles en Belgique’  

Vroonen, (1957) ‘Les noms de famille de Belgique : essai d'anthroponymie

 belge.’

Vincent (1952) ‘Les noms de familles de la Belgique’

Belize

 

GN + FamN

 

 

 

Benin

French (official)

Fon

Yoruba

FamN + GN

Dossov Paul

Family names ending in –gno(e) usually signifies a tribal line of descent

FamN examples: Kerekou, Trudo, Zinsou

 

 

Bhutan

 

Official lang= Dzongkha,

Nepal and

English

Bhote 50%, Ethnic Nepalese 35% Indigenous/migrant tribes 15%

 

Most people bear only 1 name

A matriarchal society, with property passing through the female line, so it is not important for a family name to pass through the generations. However, the Educated are beginning to westernise their names

 

 

Bolivia

 

Spanish. Quechua, Aymara

Quechua 30%, Mestizo 30%, Aymara 25%, white 15%

Spanish

GN + fFamN + mFamN

Marta Bosacoma Campora

FamN examples:

Achá, Armaya, Ballivián, Belzú, Campero, Córdova, Daza, Estenssoro, Friás, Galindo, Grosolé, Gutiérrez, Lanzo, Linares, Melgarejo, Patiño, Paz, Quintanilla, Sorzano, Urriolagoitia, Villaroel, Villazón

 

 

Given: Father’s surname: De: Husband’s surname

Barúa (2001) ‘ "Semillas de estrellas" : los nombres entre los wichí ‘ 

Isbn-9875188859

[Matatco indians –Bolivia]

Bosnia & H

Bosnian

 

GN+ (prefix) + SN

(Branko Hadžijanić)

Forename + (prefix) + (Compound) surname

Prefix now often incorporated into the surname

[The compound could be a surname plus territorial name]

Croatian/Muslim

/Serb

Mr==Gospodin Mrs= Gospodja Miss= Gospodjica

Botswana

Setswana

[Tribal name]: baptismal + surname

Tebogo Kagiso Pule

No prefixes or connecting article in Setswana words

Compound names are made into unit words

 

Rapoo (2002) ‘Naming practices and gender bias in the Setswana language’

Women and Language 25

Herbert (1990) ‘Changes to Northern Sotho and Tswana personal naming patterns’ Nomina Africana 4

Gardner (xxxx) ‘Personal names as a neglected sociolinguistic resource: use of English in Botswana’ Names

Mathangwane & Gardner (1998) ‘Language attitudes as

portrayed by the use of English and African names in Botswana’

Nomina Africana 12

Gardner, S. F. (1999) ‘From Molelowakgotla through Michael to Mpho: the role of English from an onomastic perspective’ Marang. Special Issue:

Language Literacy and Society

Brazil

Portuguese

GN + mFamN + fFamN

José Dutra Azevedo

Although now increasingly common just to have a paternal FN alone

…………………………………………………………….

Leading surnames- Álvares, Amaral, Andrade, Antunes, Azevedo, Bernardes, Borges, Branco, Brito, Cabral, Câmara, Cardoso, Carvalho, Castro, Cavalcanti, Costa, Couto, Cruz, da Conceição, da Mata, de Jesus, Dias, do Nascimento, Fagundes, Fernandes, Ferreira, Garcia, Gil, Gomes, Henriques, Jaime, Lima, Lins, Lopes, Martins, Medeiros, Mendes, Medonça, Menezes, Moniz, Moraes, Moreira, Neves, Nogueira, Oliveira, Pereira, Pinto, Pires, Rego, Reis, Ribeiro, Rodrigues, Sá, Sanches, Sanrtos, Serrano, Silva, Silveira, Soares, Souza, Tavares, Torres

Maiden name: married surname: father’s surname

 

 

 

Cont from left column…

If a Black African slave’s name was unknown or unpronounceable, assigned

‘Da Costa’ living near sea coast, ‘Da Silva” if inland.’, ‘Dos Santos’ was given to orphans

Azvedo & Fortuna (1983) ‘The reconstruction of cultural history and racial mixing from the meaning of family names in Bahia, Brazil’  Quaderni di Semantica: Rivista Internazionale di Semantica

Teorica e Applicata 4

Barbosa (1986) ‘Dicionário de nomes próprios, indígenas e afro-brasileiros’

Barata (1999) ’Dicionário das famílias brasileiras’

Ferreira (1998) ‘Dicionário poliglótico de sobrenomes’ Isbn-99886782

Guério (1981)  ‘Dicionário etimológico de nomes’

Cavalcanti (1989) ‘ Nomes indígenas brasileiros : seus significados, lendas e rituais’

Dick (1986) ‘Toponímia e antroponímia no Brasil : coletânea de estudos ‘

Hugh-Jones (2006) ‘The substance of north-west Amazonian names’ in ‘The anthropology of names and naming’ 0521848636

Thonus (1991) ‘The influence of English on female names in Brazil’ Names 39

Tôrres (1961) ‘ Vocabulário ortográfico de nomes próprios ‘

Brunei

 

Brunei Moslems

Arab naming forms

Brunei Chinese

 FamN + GN

Moslems- Retains maiden name on marriage

 

Bulgaria

Bulgarian- uses Cyrillic script, but has other letters and sounds to other Slavic langs

GN + PT + FamN

(Nikolina Petrova Hristova)

GN= no compounded forms

Masculine patronymic suffix = -ov, -ev

Feminine patronymic suffix= -ova, -eva

The family (surname) name is that of the grandfather or the clan the father belonged to

Leading FamN:

Иванов (Ivanov), Петров (Petrov), Георгиев (Georgiev), Димитров (Dimitrov), Стоянов (Stoyanov), Андреев (Andreev), Михайлов (Mihalov), Николов (Nikolov), Василев (Vassilev), Тодоров (Todorov)

Name change is optional- if so, ending is feminised

 

 

In the 1980’s, as part of am assimilation project, the government tried to co-erce ethnic Turks into changing their Islamic names into Bulgarian ones

Middle name is mainly used in the telephone directory

Mr=Gospodin, Mrs= Gopozha, Miss= Gospojitsa

CIA (1964) ‘Bulgarian personal names’

Danchev et al (1989) ‘An English dictionary of Bulgarian names spelling and pronunciation’

  (1994) ‘Razberi svoeto ime : malka entsiklopediia na lichnite imena’ 

Isbn -954853701x

Takhirov (2004) ‘Rechnik na turskite lichni imena v Bulgariia’

Isbn-9540202876

Burkina Faso

French

GN + FamN

Cheik Ousman Diallo

= 2 Islamic GNs + Family name.

GNs may be combination of Christian, Islamic and/or traditional

The traditional GN has an invocative special meaning. Family name may be common to many differing families e.g. Ouédraogo is the name of thousands of the Mossi tribe. Christian and Islamic GN may prefix traditional forename

May be compound family names combing that of mother and father’s families.

FamN examples: Tall, Dabire, Boni, Coulibaly, Kabore, Balima, Somda, Larle

 

Lankoande (2004) ‘Noms de famille (patronymes) au Burkino Faso’

Burma (Myanmar)

Burmese

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Miao-Yao

 

 

PN

U Thet Su

PN may be 1 to 4 syllables, with an honorific prefix.

Prefix (male) = U, Ko, Maung, Daw ,Ma, Ko Yin, Thakin, Yebaw, Bo, Bo Hmu, Saya, Khingyi

Prefix (female) = Daw, Ma(i), Shin, Thakinma, Yemay, Sayama

Apparent family names to accord with Western practice are often PN + syllable from fPN

 

Meo

Mountain-tribe of Laos, Thailand and Burma

PN examples:

Masc= Jua, Thao, Vang

Ns== Faydang, Ly, Pao

Women do not change names on marriage- women often have same names or similar to men

Children do not take their parent’s name: except the eldest son takes his fathers 1st (family name.and eldest daughter takes her mother’s 1st (family) name, the her father’s

Burundi

National lang= Kirundi, though French widely

 used

GN + PN

(Emile Hatungimana)

Burundese names are formed “from religion, daily life and family events”. Each is a unique PN, different to those of parents

 

Kimenyi (1989)  ‘Kinyarwanda and Kirundi names : a semiolinguistic

analysis of Bantu onomastics’

Isbn -0889461856

Cambodia

Khmer (also English, French)

Khmer

N + GN

(Krouch Chouen)

Nearly all Khmer names consist of only 2 elements= Name + Given name

The (sur) name is usually the (sur) name or forename of the father

Exception: The Hmong hill tribes = GN + FamN

N examples: Eng, Krouch

FamN examples:Ang, Chhet, Dith, Hu, Khin,Nhek Pach, Po, Sam, So, Tep, Yun

Muslim minority

tendency to use Arabic names as family names

The vocabulary a Khmer-speaker uses changes with class

Huffman (1968)  ‘Cambodian names and titles’

Cameroon

English, French

 

General usage

GN + PT

(Cecile Nguele)

English-speaking C’s place the western forename in the middle  e.g.

Chatch Peter Nkangafack

The GN name be Islamic or western

The patronymic is traditional. In compound form, it may be the name of the mother or father or place of origin: Or 2 traditional names linked by a particle (ba, ma, nya = abbrev = a’, m’, )

Makang Ma Mbock

English-speaking Cameroonians

PN +wGN + fPN

Chateh Peter Nkangafack

 

Honorific prefixes:-

[Al Adji=El Hadj],[Fo=Fen=Fu’u=Nfon]

Gwala, Lamido, [Mafa=Mafen=Mafj’u=Mafor]

[Magni-Manyi]

[Menkam=Monkam], Monji

‘Njei=Nje], Njganju,

[Nkuipo=Ntchuepo=Nkweta]

[So=Sop=Asoba], Sultan,

[Tafo=Tafen=Tafu’u= Tafor]

[Tagni=Tanyi], Tita. Wambe,

[Wambe So= Wambe Sob],

Watban , Yerim(a0

 

Omokolo (1976) ‘Essai de catalogage des noms camerounais’

Canada

English

 

Leading surnames:

Johnson, Smith, Martin, Morris, Hill, Hall, Jackson

Women generally retain

maiden name on marriage

 

Children have the option to choose either parent’s name, or to hyphenate

Casselman (2000) ‘What’s in a Canadian name? The origins and meanings of Canadian surnames’

Isbn13: 978-1-55278-141- 8

 

French

Quebec

Leading surnames:-

Tremblay, Gagnon, Roy, Côté, Bouchard, Gauthier, Morin, Lavoie, Fortin, Gagné

 

 

 

Native langs

Varies according to lang

PN or  GN+FamN

Pitseolak  -- Charlotte Nungak -- Andrew Gros-Louis

 

Alia (2006) ‘Names and Nunavut culture and identity in Arctic Canada’

Isbn-1845451651

Alia (1998) ‘Names and Nunavut: aboriginal rights and cultural revival in Canada’ ICOS Proc 19

Schweitzer & Golovko (1997) ‘Local identities and travelling names: interethnic aspects of personal naming in the Bering Strait area’

Arctic Anthropology 34

Cape Verde

Portuguese=

National lang:

Lingua Franca+ Crioulo

GN + mFamN + f FamN

Fernando Wahnon Ferreira

Maiden surname:

Married surname

 

Cayman Islands

 

 

 

 

Central African Republic

Sanjho, also French is admin lang

 

 

 

Chad

French

Arabic (dialect)

Idris Adjidé

FamN examples:

Abdoulaye, Ahmat, Ardoum, Deby, Djammous, Habre,

Kabadi ,Malloum ,Nadjima, Nahor, Nandjina, Oueddai,

Terap, Tombalbaye, Yorassem

 

French TAdd

Mr=Monsieur, Mrs=Madame. Miss= MademoiselleArabic TAdd

Mr= Asayid, Mrs/Miss= Asayeda

 

Chile

Spanish

GN + fFamN + mFamN

 

Brigida Bulnes Huidobro

FamN examples: Alcayaga, Balmaceda, Bulnes, Dávila, Encalada, Goyeneche, Huidobro, Solar, Vicuña

Father’s surname: de:

Husband’s surname

Children take both their parents’ surnames

Telephone directory- Father’s surname: Mother’s surname: Given name

Wilhelm de Moesbach (1953) ‘Los huilliches a través de sus

apellidos : estudio etimológico de los patronímicos aborígenes sureños’ Isbn-560565070

Fernández-Pradel  (1930) ‘Linajes vascos y montañeses en Chile’

China

At least 55

minority groups, Mandarin=

National lang

FamN + GN

Zhào Xiaoyuan

Nearly all modern Han FamNs are mono-syllabic

Nearly all modern Han GNs are duo-syllabic (previous romanization separated by a dash, now dropped under the Pin-yin system of transliteration)

The 1st syllable might be a generation name (shared by all siblings of the same sex). GNs have tended to be aspirational, though this tradition is declining

 

There are only c 3,000 FNs in China. The 100 most common names are shared by 90% of the population; and 70% share the top 50 names.

Common in N China = Lǐ, Wáng, Zhāng, Liú

Common in S China = Chén, Zhào, Huáng, Lín, Wú

 

Leading FamN: Lǐ, Wáng, Zhāng, Liú, Chén, Yáng, Huáng, Zhào, Zhou, Wú, Xú, Sūn, Zhū, Mǎ, Hu, Guō, Lín, Hé, Gāo, Liáng

Women do not change their name

upon marriage. They may choose

to affix their husband’s SN to it,

or to use either name on occasions.

 

 

UK main areas of settlement=

Liverpool, London, Cardiff,

 Manchester, Leeds,

Southampton, Birmingham

and Glasgow

Mr= Xiansheng Mrs = Taitai

Ms= Xiaoniang

Hence: Zhào Xiansheng

Wang (1997) ‘Bai Jia Xing: 100 most common Chinese surnames’ Isbn: 0-9585588-0-9

Wang and Micklin (1996) ‘The transformation of  naming practices in Chinese families: some linguistic clues to social change’

International Sociology, 6

Du (1986) ‘Surnames in China’ Journal of Chinese Linguistics 14

Louie (1998) ‘Chinese American names: tradition and transition’

Chao (2000) ‘In search of your Asian roots: genealogical research on Chinese surnames’

Li & Lawson (2002) ‘Generation names in China : past, present and future’ Names 50

Moore (1993) ‘Nicknames in urban China : a two-tiered model’ Names 41

Zhongti (1989) ‘Chinese given names since the Cultural Revolution’

Names 37

Lan (2002) ‘English polymorphs of Chinese personal names ‘

English Today 70

- Tibet

 

No family name or surname

 

Lindegger (1976) ‘Onomasticon Tibetanum : namen und namengebung der Tibeter’

Colombia

Spanish

GN + fFamN + mFamN

Luis Prieto Ocampo

 

FamN examples: Abadía, Arboleda, Arias de Avila, Armendáriz, de Belalcázar, de Caldas, Camargo, Caro, Concha, Córdoba, de Ezpeleta, Flores, Gómez, Holguín, Lleras, Nariño, Obando, Olaya, Ospina, de Paula, Pinilla, Restrepo, Reyes, Robledo, Sanclmente, Solís, Torres, Turbay, Urdaneta, Urrutia, Venero de Leiva, Zea

A married woman may

decide to keep her

maiden name or

Given: Maiden: de:

Husband’s surname

 

Comoros

Official= French:

Nat Lang= Swahili dialect

Arabic name forms

Ali Muhammad Allaoui

 

Arab forms of address

(French forms of address)

Congo

French

 

 

 

Costa Rica

Spanish

GN + fSN + mSN

Given: Father’s surname: Mother’s surname

Father’s surname: de:

Husband’s surname

 

Côte d’Ivoire

 

Akan

Name elements {GN + DayN + IN + Adopted N+ SN }

These name elements can be combined in variety of ways e.g.

John Kwame Yeboah

GN + DayName + SN

Dabiel Mensa Obeng

 

Name element

·          Akeradini = Day Name assigned by midwife at birth

Kofi (masc) =Friday  = Afua (fem)

Kwame (masc) = Saturday =Ama (fem)

 

·          Agyadini (assigned by father on the 7th morning after birth)

e.g. Ahonya = prosperity (masc)

Anika = goodness (fem)

 

Mensa= incidental name = third of 3 boys

i.e. generally  UK style, with tribal influences

Leading female PN = Adjuah, Korkor, Dede

Leading male PN= Lante, Niiaddy, Kofi

Leading SNs= Allotey, Nartey, Appiah

 

 

Croatia

Croatian

GN + SN

Mirko Barac

The surname may be compound of a surname and territorial name

Leading surnames:

Babić, Horvat, Perko

 

Mr= Gospodin Mrs = Gospodja

Miss= Gospodjica

Supuk (1981)  ‘O prezimenima, imenima i jeziku starog <Sibenika’ Simunovi´c (1995) ‘ Hrvatska prezimena : podrijetlo, zna’enje’

.Isbn- 9536168162

Simunovic (1985) ‘Na<sa prezimena : porijeklo, zna’enje, Rasprostranjenost’

Fran’i’c (2002) ‘Me†imurska prezimena ‘ Isbn-9536637170

 

Cuba

Spanish

GN + fSN + mSN

José Manuel Alvarez Conesa

 

FamN examples: Agramonte, Bautista, Campuzano, de Casal, Echarte, Fuentes, Guiteras, de Heredia, Iniguez, Mendieta, Montefur

 

 

Cyprus

(Greek Cypriot)

Greek

GN + SN(PT style)

Kyriacos Nicolaou

 

Women tend to adopt

husband’s family name,in which

case it will be in the genitive case

e.g. Papadopolou

But tendency now to hyphenate

Mr =Kyrios Mrs= Kyria Miss=Despoinida

(in correspondence abbrev to

 k., Ka, Dis respectively)

Cyprus

(Turkish Republic of Northern)

Turkish

 

Women usually adopt

husband’s family name (or might hyphenate it to their maiden name)

But note trend for husband to

assume wife’s family name

 

Czech Republic

Czech

GN + SN

Karel Čapek        Jaroslava Čapková

There are 40,000+ Czech SNs

Czech GNs and SNs are either nouns or adjectives and declined accordingly. Names may be declined in other than the nominative case.

SNs based on pet-forms of GNs are v common e.g. Jan

=Janoušek, Janák, Jeníšek, Janota, Jantásek, Janek, Jaech, Ješ, Jíša

Patronymics derived from these pet-forms rather than affixes, and are the largest group.

Also toponymics (largest set uses the suffix –ský  e.g. Komenský, nicknames (expressive e.g.  Nekovář = poor Smith vs Kovář = Smith) and anecdotal surnames

Also many SNs derived from German origin = Müller (+ Miller + Miler) used by 0.15% of Czech pop.

 

Leading SN : Novák, Svoboda, Novotný, Dvořák, Černý, Procházka, Kučera, Veselý, Horák, Němec, Marek, Pokorný, Pospíšil, Hájek, Jelínek, Král, Růžička, Beneš, Fiala, Sedláček

Novák (=Newman) is borne by 1% of the pop

Majority of women add suffix

-ova to Family name, as a

feminine ending

(m. Novák - f. Nováková)

A compound SN may consist of

her maiden surname hyphenated

to her husband’s SN

In Bohemia, SNs became

 compulsory in 1780

Mr =Pan, Mrs =Paní Miss = Slečna

 

 

 

 

Reading:

CIA (1964) ‘Czech personal names’

Beneš (1998) ‘Německá príjmení Čechů’’

Beneš (1962) ‘O českých příimeních’

Moldanová (1962) ‘Naše príjmení’

 

Czech GNs:-

Knapová (1978) ‘Jak se bude jmenovat’

Kopečný (1991) ‘Průvodce našimi jmény’

 

Denmark

 

GN + SN

Christian Nielsen          Lise Lotte Møller

 

SN adoption;

1526- Royal encouragement for nobility to take SNs

1828/1858- directives requiring adoption of hereditary SNs

1904 Name Law – allowing change of SN (if too popular)

 

A 1970’s list analysis revealed 85,000 different surnames, with 64% of the population covered by the top 50 surnames

70% of Danes have patroymic surnames: 20% of all Danes are called Jensen, Nielsen or Hansen

Top 100 SNs = 79 PTs, est = occupational, topographical and nicknames

Also German SNs

Few toponymic; placename elements = -borg, -by, -gaard, -rup, -sted

Leading surnames: Jensen, Nielsen, Hansen, Pedersen, Andersen, Christensen, Larsen, Sørensen, Rasmussen, Jørgensen, Petersen, Madsen, Kristensen, Olsen, Thomsen, Christiansen, Poulsen, Johansen, Knudsen, Mortensen

Tendency for women to retain

maiden name, or to  hyphenate

maiden name: husband’s

name

Nb; a woman may adopt her father or husband’s GN as a middle (not SN) of their own e.g.

Henny Harald Hansen

Mr = herr, Mrs= fru Miss= froken

Abbrev in correspondence to hr, fru, and fruk.

Hornby (1951) ‘Danske navne’

Kristiansen (1984) ‘Danske ogenavne’

Meldgaard (1983) ‘ Modern dansk personnavnesnik : fornavne, mellemnavne, slaegtsnavne’ SudAnthroScan 1

Meldgaard (1990) ‘Studier i københavnske fornavne 1650-1950’ Isbn. - 8774216597

[Copenhagen stats]

Søndergaard (1990) ‘Computer databank of Danish names’ Names 38

Søndergaard (2000)  ‘Danske for- og efternavne’

Degn (1998-9) ‘The fixation of Danish patronymics in the 19th Century and the law’ Onoma 34

- Faroes Islands

 

 

In 1992, Denmark ceded to the Faroese, the right to regulate their own names (Only 2 forenames, and patronyms and metronyms

re-introduced)

Mr = harra Mrs = frü Miss= frøken

 

Johansson (2002) ‘Aspects of the development of Faeroese personal names during 1000 years’ Onoma 37

Djibouti

French

Use all names

Maiden name: + all of

Husbands names

 

Dominica

 

 

 

 

Dominican

Republic

Spanish

GN: + fFamN + mFamN

 

FamN examples: Delmonte

 

 

 

Dubai

 

Arabic naming system

GN +  fPN +

Are some surnames,derived from tribes Eg desc of ancestors, tribal name or place.

The use of Al signifies ‘tribe of’

Women retain their own

names on marriage

Mr= Sayid, Mrs + Sayeda, Miss = Anissa

East Timor

 

Names usu of Portuguese origin

 

 

Eastern Caribbean

States

 

St Christopher and Nevis

St Lucia

St Vincent and the Grenadines

Anguilla

Montserrat

- tendency to double-barrelled SNs

Dominica

Tendency to hyphenate

 

Creole Tadd (St Lucia)

Mr= Messieurs Mrs =Ma Miss =Mamselle

Ecuador

Spanish

GN + fFamN + mFamN

 

FamN examples: Baquerizo, Icaza, Morino, Rocafuerta

 

 

Egypt

 

Arabic name forms

FamN examples:-

Abdelsatta, Al Effendi, Al Gahary ,Al-Assel, Al-Fayed, Allam,  Al-Sadat, Aly, Amir, Batrawi ,Camona, Chahine,

Eborolossy, El Borolossy, El Hindi ,El Sayed, Fahim, Fathy ,Ghali, Ghandour, Habachi, Hakki, Hazem, Iamam,

Mahfouz, Mahmoud, Marsal, Medhat, Mostafa, Moussa ,

Mubarak ,Nabih, Nagib, Naguib, Nasser, Rassul ,

Reis, Saad, Saadauri, Sabry, Salam, Samy ,

Shabana, Shehata, Sindhom, Tamer, Tantawi, Tarek,

Tulun, Youssef, Zein 

Women do not change their

name upon marriage

 

1970 Name Law requiring

Family Names

Mr= Al-Sayed Mrs= Al-Sayeda Miss = Al-Anisa

El Salvador

Spanish

Given: Father’s surname: Mother’s surname

 

 

Equatorial Guinea

Spanish

 

 

 

Eritrea

Tegregna and

Arabic

PN + fPN (or fGN) + (gfPN)

 

No family names usually

Women retain maiden names

on marriage, and addressed by

first name, preceded by honorific

e.g. Woizero (Mrs)

Children usually GN+ fGN

Mr= Ato Mrs =Woizero Miss= Woizerit

Habte-Sillasie (1998) ‘What is your name? : book of Eritrean and

Ethiopian names’ Isbn-0865434476

 

Estonia

 

GN + SN

Ellen Smuul

No patronymics

Leading surnames: Tamm (Oak) , Mägi (Hill)

 

Mr= Härra Mrs= Proua Miss= Preila

CIA  (1965) ‘Estonian personal names’

Must (1995) ‘Nimi ajalooallikana /Surname as a Historical Source’ Pro Erthnologia 3

Hussar, A. (2002). ‘New Estonian names 100 years ago and their use nowadays’ ICOS 21 Proc.

 

 

 

Ethiopia

Amharic,

Tigrinya,

Geez

Oroma (Gallo)

PN + fPN (or fGN) + (gfPN)

Asrata Kassa

Children usually GN + fGN

The Civil Code of the Empire of Ethiopia 1960 prescribed the adoption of FamN + GN(s) + PT

But not yet widely adopted

Some Ethiopians resident in the UK have adopted a ‘static’ surname

Common personal names

(Female) Maraim, Marta, Zowditu, Almaz,

(Male) Yohannes, Lucas, Tesfai, Wolderfariam, Brerket

 

 

Coptic Christians

Name prefixes:

      Haile- “by the power of”

      Gebre-  “an offering unto”

Followed by the name of a archangel, saint etc

Examples: Haile-Mariam, Gebre-Mika’el

 

Other prefix:

Zere plus ancestor’s name – “descendant of”

Women retain their family

names

Titles= Ras, Bitwoded. Atse, Negus

Reliig= Kes, Melake, Selam, Abuna, Debtera

Ato= Mr., Woizerit= Miss, Woizero= Mrs.

Habte-Sillasie (1998) ‘What is your name? : book of Eritrean and

Ethiopian names’ Isbn-0865434476

Giorgis (1973) ‘The entry word in Ethiopian names’ Ethiopian Library Assoc Bulletin 2

Messing (1974) ‘ Individualistic patterns in Amhara onomastics’ Ethos 2

CIA  (1965) ‘Amharic personal names’

Yemane (2004) ‘Amharic and Ethiopic onomastics’

Leyew (2003) ‘Amharic personal nomenclature: a grammar and sociolinguistic insight’  Journal of African Cultural Studies  16

 

Falkland Islands

 

 

 

 

Fiji

 

 

 

 

Finland

Finnish, Swedish

GN + SN

Anna-Maija Raittila

Mass movement in early 20th c.(1906-7 and 1935-37) to adopt Finnish surnames (instead of Swedish ones) –popular new surnames then were: Nurmi, Laine and Lehta.

SNs became compulsory in 1920.

Legally, Finns are not allowed more than 3 GNs, and SNs must not exceed 2.

Many have the –nen suffix (denoting a sense of belonging).

Other suffixes are - mäki ("-hill"), -järvi ("-lake"), and -joki ("-river").

Leading surnames: Virtanen, Korhonen, Nieminen, Mäkinen, Mäkelä, Hämäläinen, Laine, Koskinen, Heikkinen, Järvinen

Finnish women do not usually

change surname on marriage

Mr= Herra Mrs= Rouva Miss= Neiti

(abbrev in correspondence to

Hra, Rva., Nti respectively)

 

•Narhi (1987) ‘The changing of surnames in Finland during the twentieth century, particularly 1906 and 1935’ StudAnthroScan 5

Leskinen (1990) ‘Finnish onomastics’

Paikkala (2002) ‘Surnames in Finland on the threshold of the new millennium’

Onoma 37

Talve (1966)  ‘Namens- und Geburtstagstraditionen in Finnland ‘

Finland

– Lappish

Saami (Lappish)

GN + SN

Marja-Luisa Mujo

 

 

Whitaker (1977) ‘Colloquial naming among the Lainiovuoma Lapps (Sami)’ Jl de la Société Finno-ougrienne 75

France

French

GN + SN

Alfred de Musset

 

French FamNs derive mainly from Roman Latin, Germanic (Frankish) language and the Latinized Hebrew Bible

 

Many SNs were formed through local dialects, because the national language (the Parisian dialect) did not become standardised till the 19th century,

Styles of naming differed from region to region

PT surnames more common in north-east, compared to Basque Pyrenees, where SNs more derived from the domaine, estate or house.

Names based on professions more common in cities than countryside. (source DAFN)

 

Article 1 of the Revolutionary Law of 6 fructidor Year II

(23 August 1794) lays down that ‘no citizen may bear any surname or forename other than those inscribed on his birth certicate’. This law is still in force, though later modified to allow name changes in exceptional circumstances

 

►Types of SNs

Patronymic e.g. Martin, Lambert

Occupational e.g. LeFèvre

Topographic e.g. Dupuis, Duval

Toponymic e.g. Rivoire, Langevin

Nicknames e.g. Bossé (hunchback)

 

 

 

Leading SN : Martin, Bernard, Dupois, Thomas, Robert, Richard, Petit, Durand, Leroy, Moreau, Simon, Laurent, LeFebvre, Michel, Garcia, David, Bertrand, Roux, Vincent, Fournier, Morel, Girard, André, Lefèvre, Mercier

 

 

No of French Nationals in UK =

c250,000: centred on London

Cont from right…

►Regional

Fordant (1999) ‘Tous les noms de famille de France et leur localisation en 1900’

Fordant (1998) ‘Atlas des noms

de famille en France’

Fenouillet (1919,1997) ‘Les noms de famille en Savoie ‘

Grosclaude (1992) ‘Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de

famille gascons’

Moreau (1992) ‘Les Noms de famille en Touraine ‘

Deshayes (2005) ‘Dictionnaire des noms de famille bretons’

 Isbn-291420891x

Gonzalez (1997) ‘Dictionnaire des noms de famille en Auvergne’

Billy & Sauvardet (1998-2001) ‘Dictionnaire historique des

noms de famille du Puy-de-Dôme’

Orrye (1998) ‘Dictionnaire des noms de famille du Pays creusois’

Alabergère (1998) ‘Noms de famille des bocages du Centre’

Iglesias (2000) ‘Noms de lieux et de personnes à  Bayonne, Anglet et Biarritz au XVIIIe siècle’

Gibelin (2000) ‘Que signifie votre nom ? : étude onomastique des

noms de famille originaires des pays d'Oc’ Isbn-2906339377

Belser et al. (2000) ‘Les noms de famille en Bourgogne et Franche-Comté’ Isbn-2911665333

Boisson (2000) ‘Les noms de famille en Languedoc et Roussillon’  Isbn- 2911665368

►National

Barbé  (1991-95) ‘Nouveau

dictionnaire des prénoms français, régionaux, étrangers’

Dauzat (1989) ‘Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille et prénoms de France’

Fabre (1998) ‘Les noms de personnes en France’

Larchey (1878,1994) ‘Dictionnaire des noms’

Morlet (1991,1997) ‘Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille’

Mergnac –ed. (2005) ‘Dictionnaire historique des noms de famille’

Isbn- 2847361286

Munday (1986) ‘The French law of surnames: a study in rights of property, personality and

privacy’   Legal Studies 6

 

Gabon

French

GN + SN

FamN examples :-

Bongo, Boussombo, M'Ba, Mocci ,Rallum, Raoumbe ,

Tayot

Women adopt husband’s

Surname

Raponda-Walker (1993) ‘Etymologie des noms propres gabonais’ Isbn- 2850495743

Gambia

 

English, Wolloff,

Mandinka, Fula, Jola

Mandinka 42%,Fula 18%, Wolloff 16%,Jola 10%,    Serahuli 9%

 

UK custom :  family name last

Non-English: Some Muslim name forms

Elements {PT + GN (+ pN) (+gpPN) (+Placename)}

These may be combined in a variety of ways

Yoroh Falai Alpha Baldeh

=GN + fPN =gfPN + PT

Traditionally retain maiden

Name: but changing to W

Practice

Alhaji(i), Aja(rotou) = ma, woman been to Mecca

Bai, Fa= father

Ndey, Yai, Mba = mother

Georgia

 

 

Georgian 71%

Russian 9%

Armenian 7%

Azeri 6%

Georgian 84%,Azeri 7%,Armenian 6%,Russian 2%

 

GN + SN

Giorgi Kekelidze                     Rusudan Kekelidze

Patronymic system abandoned: SNs have masc and feminine forms

Name endings can indicate area

-shvil i= E or central Georgia

-ua = W Georgia

-iani or –ur i= mountainous regions

 

 

Mr =Batoni Mrs= Kalbatoni Miss= Kalbatoni

 

Inal-ipa (2002) ‘Antroponimiia abkhazov’ Isbn-5799202104

Axua*svili (1994)  ‘Kartuli gvar-saxelebi : masalebi kartuli gvarebis

istoriisatvis ‘ Isbn- 5505014348 [Georgia PN Dictionary]

Germany

 

GN + SN

Katharina Schmidt

Prepositions : van, von, zu

 

In general. written forms of names became fixed c 1600

 

Three main dialect areas give rise to name variants

·          Low German…..Pieper

·          Central German….Piefer

·          High German…Pfeifer

 

In more  detail

·          Low German

Low Saxon, Westphalian, Eastphalian, Brandenburgish,

Pomeranian, East Prussian

·          Frisian

East Frisian, North Frisian

·          Central/Middle German

Franconian, Hessian, Thuringian, Saxon, Silesian

Upper German

Alemannic (inc Swiss German and Alsatian), East Franconian, Bavarian (inc Austrian German)

 

South German, Austrian and Swiss names have characteristic diminutive endings -l -el, '-erl, -le or -li

 

Leading surnames: Müller, Schmidt, Schneider, Fischer, Meyer, Weber, Schulz, Wagner, Becker, Hoffman, Huber, Klein

 

Bahlow (1967) ‘Deutsches Namenlexikon : Familien- und Vornamen nach Ursprung und Sinn Erklart’

Bahlow (2002) ‘Dictionary of German Names’

Brechenmacher (1957) ‘Etymologisches Worterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen’

Gottshald (2006) ‘Deutsche Namenkunde’ 6th ed

Kleinteich (1992)  ’Vornamen in der DDR, 1960-1990’ Isbn-3050019107

Kohlheim (2000) ‘ Familiennamen: Herkunft und Bedeutung von 20000

Nachnamen’ Isbn 3-411-70851-4

Kunze (1998) ‘DTV-Atals Namenkunde: Vor- und Familiennamen im deutschen Sprachgebiet’

Linnartz (1958) ‘Unsere familiennamen’

Naumann (1987) ‘Familiennamenbuch’

Seibicke (ed) (1996-2003)

‘Historisches Deutsches Vornamenbuch’

Ghana

English, Akan (Twi & Fante), Ewe, Ga, Hausa, Dagbani, Nzeme, Kazem, Adangme

Akan

Name elements {GN + DayN + IN + Adopted N+ SN }

These name elements can be combined in variety of ways e.g.

John Kwame Yeboah

GN + DayName + SN

Dabiel Mensa Obeng

 

Name element

·          Akeradini = Day Name assigned by midwife at birth

Kofi (masc) =Friday  = Afua (fem)

Kwame (masc) = Saturday =Ama (fem)

 

·          Agyadini (assigned by father on the 7th morning after birth)

e.g. Ahonya = prosperity (masc)

Anika = goodness (fem)

 

Mensa= incidental name = third of 3 boys

i.e. generally  UK style, with tribal influences

Leading female PN = Adjuah, Korkor, Dede

Leading male PN= Lante, Niiaddy, Kofi

Leading SNs= Allotey, Nartey, Appiah

 

Hausa

Arabic name forms

Women adopt husband’s

Family name-usually; some retain

Maiden name or affix it to

husband’s

 

Children usually take

Father’s surname

Tadd (Akan)

Mr = Owura Mrs (& Miss) = Awura

Christaller (1991,1933) ‘A dictionary of the Asante and Fante language called Tshi (Chwee, Twi)’

Grottanelli (1977) ‘ Personal names as a reflection of social relations among the Nzema of Ghana’  L’Uomo 1

(Nzema complex system 0f 8 categories of names, including soul name, birth name, patronymic, givewn name, nickname, baptismal name, surname and praise appellation)

Obeng (2002) ‘African anthoponomy’

[personal names in Akan]

Agyekum (2006) The sociolinguistic of Akan personal names’  

Nordic Journal of African Studies

Gibraltar

 

-as UK

 

 

Greece

Greek

GN + fPN(suffixed) and/or (gfPNsuffixed)

Stelios Theodoros Kleanthous or Stelios Theodorou

Personal names used as Surnames, have different

endings (and differ by gender) e.g. Helen Iacovou , sister to Andreas Iacovies

Certain suffixes have strong regional distributions:-

-akis = Crete

-idis/-adis = Asia Minor

-atis = Black Sea

-atos = Cephallonia/Ithaca

-eas, -akos = Mani

-elis = Lesbos

-oudis = Macedonia, Thrace, Aegian Islands)

-ousis (Chios), -oglou= Asia Minor

-opoulos= Peloponnese

Women adopt husband’s

Family name-usually.  Or to take

Female form of of husband’s

personal name e.g.

Mr Marcos Ž Mrs Marcou

Growing tendency to hyphenate

 

 

UK largest concentration = London

Mr =Kyrios Mrs= Kyria Miss = Despoinida

Correspondence abbrev. To k., Ka and Dis , respectively

Herzfield (1982) ‘When exceptions define the rules: Greek baptismal names and the negotiation of identity’ Journal of Anthropological Research 38

Triandafyllidis (1981) ‘Ta Oikogeneiaka-mas Onomata’

Stahl ed. (xxxx) ‘Names and social structure : examples fron south east Europe’ Isbn- 0-88033-404-5

Grenada

 

As UK

 

 

Guadeloupe

 

French (Official)

Creole patois

Black/mulatto 90%, white 5%

As France

 

 

Guam

 

English 38%, Chamorro 22%, Philippine languages 22%, other

Pacific island languages 7%, Asian languages 7%

Chamorro 38%,  Filipino 26%,  other Pacific  islander 11.%,  white 7%, other Asian 6%

 

Lorenz (1996) ‘The Pacific islander's book of names : a dictionary

of modern and ancient first names used by people from Guam and other

Pacific islands’ Isbn-0965071510

Guatemala

 

Spanish 60%

Amerindian Languages 40%

Mestizo/European 60%,K'iche 10%, Kaqchikel 8%,  Mam 8%,Q'eqchi 6%

Spanish

Father’s : Mother’s surnames

 

FamN example: Carrera

 

Amerindian languages, = Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi,

Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca plus others

Guiana, French

French

 

 

 

Guinea

 

French

(Official)

Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%,Soussou 20%,

Some hyphenation of

surnames on marriage

 

Guinea-Bissau

 

Portuguese (Official)

Crioulo,

African languages 

Balanta 30%,Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%,Mandinga 13%

 Papel 7%

 

 

Guyana

 

English

Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu

EastIndian 50%,Black 36%,Amerindian 7%

UK name forms

 

 

Abbreviations

 

ClN = clan name

DayN =Day Name

FamN= Family Name

 

 

GN = Given name

IN = Incidental name

MN=Middle name,

 

 

NN =Nickname

PlN=Placename

PT = patronymic

 

 

SN = Surname

TN= Tribal name

wPN = Western Personal Name

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

f=father’s

gf=grandfather’s

m=mother’s