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Countries H-O |
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Country/ Ethnic groups
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Languages
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Structure & (Example) Types - History
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Women (and on marriage)
Children Society |
Terms of Address – Further reading- Notes |
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Haiti |
Creole French |
Řblack 95%,
mulatto and white 5% |
Women adopt husband’s Family name |
Mr= Misier Mrs/Miss = Madan |
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Holland
see Netherlands |
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Honduras |
Spanish |
ŐGN +
fFamN + mFamN |
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•Barrios de Molina (1992) ‘Origen de los apellidos
hondureńos más frecuentes en la actualidad’ [Honduran name statistics] |
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Hungary |
Hungarian |
ŘHungarian
92%, Roma 2 % ŐSN + GN Szabó István [Hungarian does not belong to the Indo-European
language group, and is distantly related to Finnish and Estonian languages] Surnames did not become widespread till the 14th
century, and have been heavily influenced by other languages. Note absorption and Magyarisation of loanwords as SNs e.g.
Tót (from Slovak) , Német (from German), Oláh (Romanian), Horvát (Croatian) ,
Rác (Serbian) PTs may be formed from Slavic PNs or biblical/saints’
names e.g. László from Slavic Vladislav Other types –
habitational (e.g. Banyál ) –
occupational/status (e.g. Biró =judge) –
animal names (e.g. Farkas= wolf) –
ancient tribal names (e.g. Kér) Leading SN: Nagy, Kovács, Tóth, Szabó, Horváth, Kiss,
Vargar, Molnár, Németh, Farkas, Balogh, Papp, Takács, Juhász, Mészáros,
Lakatos, Simon, Oláh, Fekete, Rácz, Szilágyi, Fehér, Gál, Balázs |
A compound married woman’s surname = husband’s SN + suffix né + maiden name Beniczkyné
Bazja Similarly this suffix added to
her husband’s GN to form her forename |
Mr = úr Mrs =né Miss = kisasszony né is suffixed to GN, úr & kisasszony follow the name string •Kálmán (1978) ‘The world of names’ •Kázmér (1993) ‘Régi Magyar Családnevek Szótará’ •Nogrady (1994) ‘Surnames derived from Hungarian
ethnic denominations’ Onomastica Canadiana 76 •Virág (1985) ‘ Csantavér családnevei ‘ |
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Iceland |
Icelandic |
ŐElements
{GN + PT [+FamN]} or {GN + FamN or GN + prep + PlN} Last name derived from father’s given name Svava Jakobsdóttir [GN + PT] Patronymic is never used alone. Gudmundor Gislason Hagalin [GN + PT + FamN] A small number of Icelanders have W style family names. The rest –under the provisions of the Names Acts – have to
use a PT. |
Women retain names on Marriage Icelandic citizens are not allowed to take their spouse’s
FamNs. Adopting new FamNs, has been illegal since the 1925 Names Act
(amended 1991 and 1997) |
Mr = Herra Mrs = Frü Miss=
Frřken (abbrev to Hr., Fru., Fruk.) •Sigmundsson (1992) ‘[New Icelandic Personal Names
Act]’ StudAnthroScan 10 •Tomasson (1975) ‘The continuity of Icelandic names
and naming patterns’ Names 23 •Kvaran (2002) ‘Icelandic personal names in past and
present’ Onoma 37 •Ingólfur Pálmason
(1987) ‘ Um ćttarnöfn og erlend mannanöfn í íslensku ‘ •Ingólfur Pálmason
(1987) ‘Um ćttarnöfn og erlend mannanöfn í íslensku ‘ |
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India |
Hindi 30% plus 14 other official
langs (Bengali,Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri,Sindhi,
and Sanskrit) |
ŘIndo-Aryan
72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% |
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•Roy, Shibani et al (2002) ‘Encyclopaedia of Indian
surnames’ Isbn- 81-7646-247-0 •Khera
(2002) ‘Directory of personal names in the Indian history : from the earliest
to 1947 : based on the History and culture of the Indian people by Dr. R.C.
Majumdar and A.D. Pusalker et al’ Isbn: 8121510597 •Kamath (2002) ‘Indian names : from classical to contemporary, for people, places & products’ Isbn-8188131008 •Mehrota (1994) ‘The Book of Indian names’ •Singh (1996) ‘Communities, segments, synonyms,
surnames and titles’ •Singhan
(1982) ‘Tamil, Hindu, Indian names’-
Isbn 997190022x |
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India –Northern States |
Covering in general:- [Bengali Gujurati Hindi Marathi Oriya] |
In General for
this grouping:- ŐGN + fPN + FamN (sub-caste name) Vijar Kumar Patel Examples of name combinations:- Simple PN = Rajindra Prasad GN + FamN = Prithvinath Kaula Initialised fPN + GN = S. Ramaswami GN + fPN (both initialised) + FamN = Mohandras Karamchand Ghandi or M.K. Ghandi In some cases romanisation may split a PN into 2 elements,
and the 2nd element may appear to be a SN when it is not = but
actually a permanent accompaniment e.g. Anand, Bal, Bhakti, Bhushan, Chand, Chandra,
Charan, Das, Dev, Gopal, Kisnor, Kumar, Lal, Narayan, Nath, Prasad, Raj and
Ram . Nonetheless some use them as SNs. PT suffixes = -jā
and ānī There are only a few Hindu Middle Names which may be
regarded as a 2nd GN The FamN may be a sub-caste name, and therefore shared by
a large number of families e.g. Patel However, some
drop the FamN as a sign of rejection of the caste system, and use Middle Name
as a SN Sometime a family name is appended as an initial e.g. Noushad
S.U. = Noushad Shafi Ulooji, Leading FamN: Chopra, Desai, Gupta, Parekh, Patel, Roy,
Sharma Leading PN (female) : Bimla, Leela, Nirmala, Pushpa, Rama,
Rupa, Vanita, Kamla, Ansuya Leading PN (male) : Anand, Anil, Ganesh, Kishore, Krishna,
Naresh, Ram, Vijay, Virendra, Bhaskar, Magan, Jayanti Leading MN (female) Behen (Ben),
Devi, Gowri, Kumari, Lakshmi, Rani Leading MN (male): Bhai, Chand,
Das, Dev, Kant, Kumar, Lal, Nath, Pal. Lakshmi, Dev, Lal can be used as
GN Kumar is also a FamN |
Wife uses her husband’s FamN ………………………………… cont from left-column FN sub-divisions, derived from:- •Ancestral nicknames- Bhargav, Bhatti, Lakhani •Ancestral placenames Agarwal, Ahluwalia, Bhatnagar, Irani, Mathur •Ancestral
Office/occupations Bajaj (Clothier), Banik (Merchant),
Chowdhury (Chief), Dala
(Broker). Desai (District chief), Ghosh (herdsman), Kamath (Cultivator). Mumjumdar (Record keeper). Modi (Grocer) Patel (Village headman) Reddy (Village headman) Shah (merchant) Upadhyaya (teacher) Vaidya (Physician) The suffix –wala indicates
a trade, occupation •Honorific titles Bhatt (Lord) Chakraborty (Emperor) Malik (King), Mishra (Honourable one) Naidu (Chi ef) , Thakur (Lord) •Hindu gods epithets:- Basu, Kumar, Lal,Mohan, Narayan, Ram |
Hindu Tadd Mr = Shri Mrs =Shrimati Miss =
Kumari The titles Acharya, Pant, Pandit, S(h)astir, Swami,
Chaudhari, Naik, Pandeya, Patnaik, Pradhan, Seth, Shah, Thakur, and Vaid(ya) if placed after a given name, may be used as the surname •Dil (1975) ‘A comparative study of
the personal names and nicknames of the Bengali-speaking Hindus and Muslims’ Studies on Bengal ---------------------------------------------------- |
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Subdivisions:- |
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N Central: -•Bihar,
•Madhya, •Pradesh, •Rajasthan, •Uttar
Pradesh |
•Hindi |
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NE States:- •Assam, •Bengal •Orissa |
•Assamese •Bengali •Oriya |
---------------------------------------------- FamN being used
in Bengal by mid 19thc. (under British influence) PN + PN +FamN Bankim
Chandra Bose In W Bengal,
common to have GN + last name + Nickname (=Daak naam) Caste surname examples: Baidya, Baishya FamN examples: Bose, Dutt, Ghosh, Gupta, Thakur ------------------------------------------------- |
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•Jammu and Kashmir |
•Kashmrir |
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•Panjab |
•Panjabi |
Caste surname examples: Bhatia and Sood |
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India W States: |
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•Goa |
•Konkani |
•Konkani |
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•Gujarat |
•Gujarati |
•Gujarati Hindu ŐGN + fPN + FamN Terms of address suffixes incorporated into SN Gujurati -bhai
(brother), ben (sister) Caste surname example: Vania |
On marriage, women add husband’s GN + FamN to their PN Gurati women with no FN, sometimes use Ben
(sister) as their last name |
Patel and Shah are common names within the UK Gujarati community |
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•Maharastra |
•Marathi |
•Marathi/Gujrati ŐGN + PN
or fGN + FamN Sunil Manohar Gavaskar Terms of address suffixes incorporated into PN -dada (older brother), bai (older sister), babu
(father) |
“Traditionally, women take
their husband's name as
their middle name and also adopt
his family name.” –wikipedia |
Suffixes:- In Maharashtra many family names are derived by attaching
a "kar" to their place of origin. e.g. Gavaskar from Gavas, Tendulkars
fromTendol, Pawaskar from Pawas etc |
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India- Southern States |
•Tamil (Tamil Nadu –S India) |
●Tamil ŐPN may consist
Village Name + FamN Historically, concept of middle names and surnames is
alien – many just a single name In S India, widespread use of a PT Long PN are often abbreviated Subramaniam Damodara Pakirisamy = S.D.P
Samy Mangalam Amaladaj= M. Daj PN of father may also be initialised e.g. Raman Son of
Dinesh = D. Rahman. A person without an initial is looked down upon (e.g. as
illegitimate) Names in S
India may include occupation or village name Examples of sub-caste names adopted in recent past as FamN
: 'Iyer', 'Iyengar', Gounder, 'Nair', 'Naidu', 'Reddy', 'Gowda'. (all
S Indian examples) ………………………………………………….… |
It is common for Tamil women to adopt their husband’s
first name as their own surname. “Sunitha Gopalan (Sunitha
daughter of Gopalan) might change her name to Sunitha Rajiv (Sunitha wife of
Rajiv) after marriage.” -wikipedia “Before marriage, a girl uses her father's initial, but after
marriage, she uses her husband's initial. Of late the trend has
changed and many women, especially those employed, do not change the
initials, but continue with their father's initials.” –
wikipedia …………………………………… |
•Britto (1986) ‘Personal names in Tamil
society’ Anthropological linguistics 28 …………………………………… |
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•AndarPradesh |
•Telugu |
ŐFamN + GN
(+CN) Nara Chandrababu Naidu but
addressed as Mr. Naidu Caste surname example: Reddi |
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•Balaganga Roa (1990) ‘Surnames of the Telugu
people’ Proc 17th ICOS •Prabhakaran (1998) ‘Exploring Hindu Telugu
surnames’ Nomina Africana 12 •Prabhakaran (1999) ‘A sociolingiostic analysis of
South African Telugu surnames’ South African Journal of Linguistics 17 |
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•Karnataka |
•Kannada |
…………………………………………………….… Ő [PlN]
and/or [fGN] and/or [GN] + clan/title/caste name Panemangalooru Ramanath Shenoy = PlN + fGN + CN Caste surname example: Bunt Terms of address suffixes incorporated into PN Appa (father), anna
(older brother), akka (older sister), amma (mother) ……………………………………………………… |
…………………………………… …………………………………… ……………………………………… |
…………………………………… …………………………………… ………………………………..… |
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•Kerala |
•Malayalam |
Caste surname example: Nayar |
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•MaryKutty (1997) ‘Personal names of Kerala
Christians’ |
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India (religion) |
Punjabi -Sikhs |
ŐGN + comp
+ SN or PlN Trilok Singh Dhillon Surjit Kaur Sarna Complementay words : Singh = male, Kaur = female Sikhs traditionally do not use the FamN as it is sub-caste Common Sikh FamN :- Gill, Ghana, Panesar Common Sikh GNs : Ajit, Amarjit, Baldir, Davinder, Gurdip,
Kuldip, Inderjit, Joginder, Ravinder |
A devout Sikh woman regards ‘Kaur’ as the most important part of her name |
•Rait (1984) ‘A dictionary of Punjabi name elements’
Isbn - 0900738340 |
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India (religion) |
Hindu |
4 broad traditional social divisions (Varnas) ·
Brahmans= Priestly caste ·
Kshatriya= Warriors ·
Vaishya = Merchants ·
Shudra = Craftsmen/Cultivators FN associated with clans (examples) ·
Arora = Ahuja, Chana, Madan, Taneja ·
Agarwahal Bania = Bansa, Mittal, Singhal ·
Jat= Dhillon, Gill, Sandhu ·
Kayasth= Mathur, Saksena ·
Panjani Khatri= Anand, Chopra, Kapoor ·
Konkanasth Brahman= Dev, Kale ·
Maratha= Lad, More, Savant ·
Rajput= Bhatti, Parmar ·
Reddi =Bandi |
Cont from left Traditional final elements Brahman= -deva, and –sarma Kshatriya= -varma Vaishya = -gupta or –datta Shudra = -dasa No longer firm rule These bound elements have become common surnames in own right = Das, Datta, Gupta |
Associated surnames:- •Kshatriya= Rajput •Vaishya= Bania (N India), Vania (Gujurat), Arora, Khatri,
Sood, (Panjab) and Bhatia (Gujarat) •Shudra= Bania (N India) Most split surnames are not associated with any particular
caste •Jayaraman (2005) ‘Personal Identity in a Globalized
World: Cultural Roots of Hindu Personal Names and Surnames’ Journal of Popular Culture 38 •Prabhakaran (1998) ‘An introduction to Indian Hindu
surnames’ Nomina Africana 12 • Bhatnagar & Agrawal ‘Surname endogamy
among the Brahmin of India’ Current
Sociology, 11 |
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India (religion) |
Jains |
Jains often use the last name - Jain |
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India (religion) |
Muslims |
Perso-Arabic names are the norm Arabic: Bajaj, Dalal, Jhaveri, Mujumdar, Malik, Shroff Persian: Doshi, Sarkar,
Sood |
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•Gandhi (2004) ‘The complete book of Muslim and
Parsi names’ Isbn-0143031848 |
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India (religion) |
Parsee |
Parsees = Zoroastrian refugees from Persia PN + fPN + [caste name] Most male PNs end in –ji or –jee Parsee PN examples: Banerji, Chatterji, Mukharji, Panji |
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Indonesia |
Indonesian (=Bahasa Indonesia) English. Dutch Javanese local dialect |
ŘJavanese
45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7%, coastal Malays 7%, other 26% ŐElements
{Birth order prefix and/or GN and/or Adult name and/or fPN and/or ClN and/or FamN and/or traditional
title name and/or PlN} Raden Mas Ngabei Purbacaraka Name combinations GN [+GN] =
Muhammad, Amir Hakim GN + fPN = Anwar Yusuf (fPN may be initialised) GN + Adult name = Harjito Notodipuro GN + ClN = Mochtar Lubis GN + FamN = Gerrit
Siwabessy GN + trad name= Rustam Sutan Palindih GN = PlN = Mohammed Hassan di Tiro GN + Honorific =
Mochtar Prabu Magkunegara Relationship terms = anak, bin, binti and ibni Prefixed birth order terms = Koman, Ketut, Njoman FamN = Salim, Tirajoh, Siwabessy, CN= Lumbantobing, Simorangkir, Simandjuntak, |
Women may adopt husband’s FamN or ClN or her husband’s whole name prefixed by Ny. (=Nyona = Mrs.) or keep her GN + hFamN-maiden Name e.g. Reny Siwabessy-Putiray |
Over 300 ethnic groups- Javanese, Dayaks, Bataks, Bugis
etc Javanese ethnic naming system: Men have 2 names, the 1st is replaced by the 2nd
usu at at marriage. Women have only 1 name •A Kohar Roy
‘Indonesian names: a guide to bibiliographic listing’ [available
online] • Florey & Bolton (1997) ‘Personal
names, lexical replacement, and language shift in eastern Indonesia’ Cakalele 8 •Sinolungan (2002) ‘Glosari nama fam orang Minahasa
‘ [Minahasa- Indonesia] |
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Indonesia –Bali |
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ŐNo family
names Though a given name (1st, 2nd) may
be passed down; and in a different order |
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Indonesia- Chinese |
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Have adopted Indonesian names esp if these include an
element of their name e.g.Sutanto |
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Inuit
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•Bering Strait |
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•Alia (1998) ‘Names and Nunavut: aboriginal rights
and cultural revival in Canada’ ICOS Proc 19 •Schweitzer & Golovko (1997) ‘Local identities
and travelling names: interethnic aspects of personal naming in the Bering
Strait area’ Arctic Anthropology 34 |
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Iran |
Farsi |
ŐGN + SN Sảid Nafisi Western practice introduced in 1926. Middle names are not
used Name suffixes and prefixes treated as integral to
name.(prefixes =Amir, Bani, Key, Pur, Shah) (Suffixes = Beygi, Sāz, Puzhuh, Niyā, Nezhad, Chi,
Zadeh,Pūr etc) Relationship particles = ebn (son of) and bent (daughter
of) Leading surnames: Jafarzaden,
Sadegei, Fazli Leading PN: (Female) Giti, Simin, Nooshin (Male) Dariush, Abbas, Koorush |
Iranian women do not , or may keep maiden name and add husband’s name in parentheses |
Farsi TAdd Mr= Agha Mrs/Miss = Khanom • Nader (1992) ‘Popularity of Islamic and Persian
names in Iran before and after the Islamic revolution’ Int Jl of Middle
East Studies 24 • (2006) ‘The book of Persian names’ ISBN13: 9781588140036 |
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Iraq |
Arabic, Kurdish
Assyrian, Armenian |
ŘArab
75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5% ŐArab
names apply Usually Given name + Father’s Given Name. Names influenced by tribes, ancestral description,
place-names |
Married women tend to adopt husband’s family name,. |
Mr= Sayed Mrs/Mis= Sayeda |
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Ireland |
Irish Gaelic |
ŐGN + SN Maj of Irish surnames have prefixes Masculine (Ó or Ua, Mac Mag,) Feminine ( Ni, Nic, Nig) Leading surnames: Murphy, Kelly,
O’Sullivan, Walsh, Smith, O’Brien, Byrne, Ryan, O’Connor, O’Neill, O’Reilly,
Doyle, McCarthy, Gallagher, O’Doherty, Kennedy, Lynch, Murray, Quinn, Moore |
A married woman uses the Genitive form of the masculine prefix to her husband’s surname (Ui or I, Mhic, Mhig) Mac Néill vs Mhic Néil |
• Breen (1982) ‘Naming practices in western Ireland’ Man
17 • Ó Corráin et al (1982) ‘Gaelic personal names’ •MacLysaght (1980) ‘The surnames of Ireland’ |
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Israel |
Hebrew (official) Arabic minority |
ŘJewish
80% non-Jewish 20% ŐGN +{
part and/or PT] + [FamN] Avraham Mizrahi Leading FamN : Cohen, Levi |
Family names may be hyphenated to that of spouse- whatever the gender |
•Lawson (1991) ‘Most common Jewish first names in
Israel’ Names 39 •Lawson (1992) ‘Most common surnames in Israel :
Arabic and Jewish’ Parts I and II Onomastica Canadiana 74 •Borg & Kressel
(1995) ‘Personal names, surnames and nicknames among the Azāzmeh
Bedouin in the Negev highlands : anthropological and linguistic aspects’ Archív
Orientální 63 |
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Italy |
Italian |
ŐGN +
(prefix+) SN Celine Di Rossi Leading SN : Rossi, Russo, Ferrari, Esposito, Bianchi, Romano,
Colombo, Ricci, Marino, Greco, Bruno, Gallo, Conti, DE Luca, Costa, Giordano,
Mancini, Rizzo, Lombardi, Moretti |
A 1919 decree restricted naming
– no child could have the same name as a living father,
surnames not to be used as forenames,no foreign names Attempt to rescind in 1960’s –successful?? |
Italian
Nationals in UK =c 150,000; centred on London, Bedford and Glasgow •De
Felice (1978) ‘Dizionario dei
cognomi italiani’ •De
Felice (1980) ‘I cognomi italiani’ •Fucilla (1949) ‘Our Italian surnames’ •Caffarelli (1999-2001) ‘Cognomi italiani’ |
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Ivory Coast |
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Ethnic groups: Akan, Krou, and Mandé ŐPT + part
+ TradGN + GN Combinations: PT +GN [+Christian forename], PT + part + GN Semi bi Zan Particles = bi (son of) , lou (daughter of) TradGN e.g day of birth (e.g. Koffi= Friday, Akassi =
Sunday) |
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•Alangba
(1980) ‘ Le systčme onomastique baoulé ‘ •Tiérou (1977) ‘Le nom africain : ou,Langage des
traditions . - Isbn- 2706806508 [Ivory coast –Gere] |
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Jamaica |
English, Patois English |
Řblack 91%, East Indian 1%, mixed 7%, Western naming |
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Japan |
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ŘJapanese
99%. Others =Korean, Chinese, Brazilian, Filipino ŐFamN + PN Kanno Fumiko But note: Family names only widespread since 19th
century (1885-) Japanese usu only have 1 given
name But many Japanese-British now use European system Leading SN : Satō,
Suzuki, Takahashi, Tanaka, Watanabe, Itō, Yamamoto, Nakamura, Koboyashi,
Saitō, Katō, Yoshida, Yamada, Sasaki, Yagamuchi, Matsumoto, Inoue,
Kimura, Hayashi, Shimizu, Aoki |
Given names tend be used only in family context Female names= +ko Male names= + kichi, o, suke, take, yoshi & zo |
•Gillis
& Pai (1939) ‘Japanese surnames’ •Gillis
& Pai (1940) ‘Japanese personal
names’ •O’Neill (1972)
‘Japanese names’ •Plutschow (1995)
‘Japan’s name culture’ •Watanabe (2005) ‘Poetics of Japanese naming
practice’ Names 53 •Kitabayashi (2004) ‘Naming as a source of identity
in the Japanese language’ in Language and Identity (ed Ashley &
Finke) |
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Jewish
Diaspora
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Ashkenazic |
•Ashkenazic Not till the beginning of the 19thc did Ashkenazic families
adopt herediaty surnames (some previous exceptions, notably Jewish
communities of Prague and Frankfurt, had SNs since 16thc) Previously, the traditional form was X ben Y ►People of the same names were distinguished via kinnuyim = link names, used as the
vernacular secular equivalents of Hebrew sacred names (link names were used
as thought to be more acceptable in social/business life in the host
country). These link names formed the basis of subsequent surnames. Kinnui example = Lev (courageous, refers back to Judah) Many also adopted additional names related to the priestly
caste (Kohanim) or Levite origin e.g. Cohen, Levy Or from acronymic forms e.g. Kohen Tzedek = KTz =Katz SeGan Leviya = SGL = Segal Fashionable to
make adopted names longer by adding suffixes like –stein, 0thal, -feld, and
-heim
------------------------------- •German-Jewish Toponymic Usu believed to be the largest source of German-Jewish
surnames e.g. Berlin, Hamburger, Frankfurter.Dreyfus (from Trier), Shapiro (from
Speyer), Popper (from Frankfurt(=abbrev to FF, transformed to PP in Hebrew) Though many
large cities did not result in surnames e.g. very few Kölner, though Jewish community there for
2000 years. Others encouraged settlement so many Katzenellenbogens, as
a result Kinnuyim derived from
–animals · Lion = Löw, Leibowitz, Löwenstein, Löwenthal (as Judah is compared to a Lion) ·
Wolf (as Benjamin is compared to a
Wolf) Wolf, Wolfson, Woolf, Wolfowitz ·
Bear (Issachar is compared to an
ass- embodiment of strength)- but as this was derogatory in N Europe,
transformed into Bear = Bernstein, Berlitz, Berlin, Berkowitz ·
Hind/Stag (as Naftali was compared to a
gazelle) =Herz, Herschel ·
Fish names (Ephraim, Joseph’s son whose
offsping were said to be as numerous as the fish in the sea)= Karpf,
Kleppfisch, Hecht Kinnuyim derived from
precious stones (i.e. the 12 stones to be found in the breastpalte of the
High Priest, representing Jacob’s 12 sons Ruby, Diamond Kinnuyim derived from
the 7 fruits of the Holy Land ·
Wheat = Weizmann ·
Feigenbaum ·
Teitelbaum = date tree ·
Pomegranate= Milgram Colours associated with
the 12 tribes ·
Yellow= tribe of Dan ·
Dark blue= Issachar ·
Light blue = Judah ·
Red = Reuben ·
Green = Simeon House names Particularly associated with Frankfurt-am-Rhein e.g. Rothschild ------------------------------- •Austro-Hungary Forcible name adoption due to Name Laws eg -1787 in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Many such
names chosen were artificial , derived from German vocabulary for flora, fauna, metals and stones etc e.g. Goldstein,
Rosenthal But as a result of Hunagrian Nationalism, some became
“Magyarized” e.g. Kovacs (‘smith’) •Poland Jewish names based on German or Polish vocabulary -1797 Prusssian Law for annexed Polish land -1821 Kingdom of Poland law- names derived from
Polish names for birds, fish, animals and plants- or toponymics + ski •Pale of Settlement (=modern
Ukraine,Belarus, Lithuania,Moldova) Language = Yiddish -1804 Family Name law for Jews Some evidence of name patterning e.g. part of E Belarus,
many metronymics ending in suffix –in and -er, and in Ukraine
50% adopted surnames ending in –man •Italy- Northern e.g. Luzzato, Morpurgo, Prinz
(from Hebew abbrev of Florence) |
-------------------------- Matronyms are as important as patronyms In German Jewry +from Sarah = Sorkin, Serkin +from Deborah = Dworkin +from Rebecca=Rifkind, Rivlin +from Bluma =Bloom, Blume +from Rose= Rose,Roseberg, Rosenthal, Rosenstock +from Pearl = Perle, Perlman. Margolis (=Hebrew
for pearl) +from Rachel = Reichmann, Reiche, Reicheslson,
Reich, Rich |
Link: Beth Hatefutsoth database of
Jewish family names •Singerman
& Gold (2001) ‘Jewish given names and family names : a new bibliography’ •Zunz
(1837) ‘Namen der Juden : eine geschichtliche untersuchung’ •Zubatsky
(1996) ‘Sourcebook for Jewish genealogies and family histories’ •Kaganoff
(1978) ‘A dictionary of Jewish names and their history’ •Guggenheimer
(1992) ‘ Jewish family names and their origins’ •Beider
(1993) ‘A dictionary of surnames from the Russian empire’ •Beider
(1996) ‘A dictionary of Jewish surnames from the Kingdom of Poland’ •Beider
(2001) ‘ A dictionary of Ashkenazic given names’ •Beider
(2004) ‘A dictionary of Jewish surnames from Galicia’ •Beider
(1995) ‘Jewish surnames in Prague (15th-18th
centuries)’ •Beider
(1997) ‘Jewish given names in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’ Avotaynu 13 •Livingstone
(2005) ‘Some aspects of German-Jewish names’ German Life and Letters
58 •
‘These are the names: Studies in Jewish onomastics ’ Vols 1-4 •Kessler
(1935) ‘Die Familiennamen der Juden in Deutschland’ •Timm
(1999) ‘Matronymika in aschkenasischen kulturbereich’ •Dreifuss
(1927) ’Die Familiennamen der Juden’ •Stern
(1974) ‘On the fascination of Jewish
surnames’ in Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook 19 •Menk
(2005) ‘A dictionary of German-Jewish surnames’ •Waterman & Kosmin (1986) ‘Mapping an unenumerated
ethnic population: Jews in London ‘ Ethnic and Racial Studies 9 |
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|
Jewish Diaspora |
Sephardic |
•Sephardic The Sephardim acquired surnames in the Middle Ages, much earlier
than the Ashkenazim. They were often amused and amazed by the animal names
adopted by the Ashkenazim •Iberia Mainly toponymic SNs from Spanish and Portuguese e.g. Castro, Franco •Amsterdam •Italy (Apennine Peninsula) e.g. Lucca, Regio •Arabic (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) e.g. Attar, Habib •Ottoman Empire e.g. Hanci, Kucuk |
|
Link: Sephardic names from
Spain and Portugal •Eisenbeth
(1936) ‘Les Juifs de l’Afrique du Nord : demographie & onomastique’’ •Faiguenboim (2003) ‘Dicionário sefaradi de sobrenomes : inclusive cristăos novos, conversos, marranos, italianos, berberes e sua história na Espanha, Portugal e Itália : including Christianized Jews, Conversos, Marranos, Italians, Berbers, and their history in Spain, Portugal and Italy ‘ Isbn-
8585989203 •Laredo
(1978) ‘Les noms des Juifs de Maroc’ •Taďeb (2004) ‘Juifs du Maghreb : noms de famille et
société’ Isbn –
2912785286 |
|
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|
Jordan |
|
ŐArabic
naming system Name strings e.g. Given name+ Father’s given+ Grandfather’s given + Surname Ali Al-Bashir |
|
Mr = Sayid Mrs = Sayeda Miss = Anesa (in conversation, Al’Sayid,
Al’Sayida, Al’Anesa) •Kayad & Lance (2001) ‘Personal names in
Palestine and Jordan, 1850-1996’ Onoma 36 •Abd-el-Jawad (1986) ‘A linguistic and sociocultural
study of personal names in Jordan’ Anthropological Linguistics 28 •Salih & Bader (1999) ‘Personal names of
Jordanian Arab Christians: a sociocultural study’ Int J of the Sociology
of Language 140 •Farghal & Shakir (1995) ‘Kin terms and titles of address as relational to honorifics in Jordanian
Arabic’ Anthropological Linguistics 36 •Hussein (1997) ‘A sociolinguistic study of family names
in Jordan’ Grazer Linguistische Studien 48 |
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|
Kazakhstan |
Kazakh 64% Russian |
ŘKazakh (Qazaq) 53%, Russian 30%, Ukrainian 4%, Uzbek 3%, German 2%,
Tatar 2%, Uygur 1% Ő GN [+
PT] + SN (PT declining) Gabiden Müstafin |
|
Localised patronymic forms= suffixal –uly (son of) Turkic influence = suffixal –bey (sir) on forename |
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|
Kenya |
|
Ř Kikuyu
22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6% |
|
Overall note: UK name structures in urban areas;but name
structures otherwise might reflect local society |
|
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|
|
•Afroasiatic |
Ő GN +
relationship part + PT Mohammed bin Ali Particles = inan (child of), bin, (son), bint
(daughter) |
|
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|
•Bantu ethnic group ( i.e Swahili, Kikuyu languages etc) |
Ő Any
element from: GN + IN + part+ PT + FamN Particle = wa (son of, daughter of) Juma Wa-Amboye Traditionally,
Kikuyu alternate names between first-born males of each succeeding generation
e.g. Njau Kimane ’ Kimane Njau ’ Njau
Kimane FamN examples: Kebiro, Kenyatta, Mika,
Mwangi |
Women usually adopt husband’s name on marriage |
Swahili TAdd Mr= Bwana Mrs/Miss
= Bibi •Kimenyi (1989) ‘Kinyarwanda and Kirundi names’ African Studies vol 7 •Zawawi (1993) ‘What’s in a name? Unaitwaje? A
Swahili book of names’ |
|
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|
|
•Nilotic ethnic group |
●Kalenjin language Ő GN + PN
+ part + PT Joel Arap-Lelei Arap = son of ●Pokot language Ő GN + PN
+ part + PT Peter Pseret Endoo Wero= son of, chepo= daughter of ●Luo language Ő GN [+ IN]
+ [part] + PT Samson Gombe Part rarely used = wood (s. of), nyar (d.
of) |
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•Banjuni ethnic group (Kiamu & Swahili) |
● Kiamu & Swahili Ő IN +
part + PT Name practices influenced by Islamic practice Athman bin Lali Omar |
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|
Kirghyzia |
Kirgiz+ |
GN [+ PT } + SN
??? Patronymic on a Turkish base??? Musa Abdykadyrova In PT formation: Oulou= son of, Kyzy = daughter
of |
|
Mr= Myrza Mrs = Aim Miss =Aim (but prefer Kyzym if addressing
unmarried woman younger than oneself) •Hvoslef (2001) ‘The social
use of personal names among the Kyrgyz Central Asian Survey 20 |
|
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|
Kiribati |
I-Kiribati English (official) |
ŘMicronesian
99% Ő UK forms |
|
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|
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|
Korea (North) |
|
Ő Most
have 3 names Family + 2 given names |
Women retain maiden names on marriage |
Tongmu = Comrade (used alone or after name
string) |
|
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|
Korea (South) |
|
Ő
FamN [+ Clan/Generation name ]+ GN Yi Sun-Sin FamN is usu 1 syllable. GN is 2 inseparable syllables, 1
of which is a generation name (e.g. Pu- , -Sin) Koreans adopted the use of SNs from the Chinese c 50BC
–667AD At first restricted to kings, nobles and certain scholars.
SNs from this period often have a mythological origin e.g. Pak By 1100, only slaves did not bear SNs. With the abolition
of slavery (1801 and 1894) , ex-slaves quickly adopted SNs Surnames became compulsory in 1909, under the Family
Registration Law. Approx 1000 surnames of Chinese origin and 250 Korean.
Names may be Romanised in may different ways= Yi, Li, Lee, Ree, Ri ,Rhee,
Rieh are the same name Just under 50% of the pop covered by just 4 SNs= Kim, Yi,
Pak , Ch’oe Leading SN : (Kim,Gim), (Lee,
Yi, I), (Park, Pak, Bak), Choi,Ch’oe), (Jung, Chung, Jeong), (Gang, Kang),
(Cho, Jo), (Yoon, Yun), (Jang, Chang), (Lim, Im) ,(Han),(Shin, Sin), (Shu,
Seo), (Kwon, Gwon), (Son), (Whang, Hang), (Song), (Ahn, An), (Yoo, Yu),
(Hong) |
Women always retain their maiden names SNs are associated with clans= either 1 or many. E.g. 2
people named Pak may belong to 2 different clans A clan memerb does not intermarry into the same clan |
|
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Kurds
|
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|
•Simayl (2004) ‘Męjűy nasnaw u nawî mirovî Kurd’. •Mukriyanî (2002)
. - Nawîkiç u kuŻranî Kurdî ‘ |
|
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|
Kuwait |
|
Arab No hard and fast rules Given + father’s given name (+ ancestor honorifics) Some surnames from tribes or place. Tribal names oft
prefixed with Al- |
Women derive names from father(+ sometimes father’s
father). They do not take husband’s name. Oft no way to distinguish between a a married or unmarried
woman just on name |
Mr = Sayed Mrs = Dayeda Miss =
Anessa |
|
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|
Laos |
Lao (Official) French English Miao-Yao |
ŘLao Loum (lowland) 68%, Lao Theung (upland) 22%, Lao Soung (highland),
Tai 13% Sometimes no family name; oft just 1 name Family names developing among nobility FamN examples: Chounramany,
Insisiengmay, Vatthana, Voravong •Meo Mountain-tribe of Laos, Thailand and Burma PN examples: Masc= Jua, Thao, Vang Ns = Faydang, Ly, Pao |
|
Mr = Thao Mrs = Nang Miss =
Nangsao |
|
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|
Latvia |
|
GN + SN Velta Upīte No SNs till
abolition of serfdom, 1817-1819 (previously GN
+ homestead name) Historically,
German SNs in W Latvia; Slavic SNs to the E. (though 1920-1949 many German
SNs were transformed into Slavic equivalents e.g. Fridberg→Mierlauk
(but many still remain German) Currently:
Russian Patronymics abandoned. Common SN
types:- -Nicknames (e.g. Garkaklis), Toponymical (e.g. Pakalns), -Animals (e.g. Vilks), -Plants/Trees (e.g. Bērziņš) Many SNs with
no affixes Suffixes= -inš
,nieks, -anš, -ēns, -ītis, -elis, -ulis 1st
element composites = Mež-, Kaln-, Sil-, Lauk-, Jaun-, Vec-, Meln-, Liel Leading SN : Bērziņš (Berzinsh, from birch), Kalniņš (Kalninsh,
from hill), Ozoliņš (Ozolinsh, from oak), Jansons , Ozols, Liepiņš
(Liepinsh), Krūmiņš (Kruminsh), Balodis,
Eglītis (Eglitis), Zariņš (Zarinsh), Pētersons (Petersons),
Vītols (Vitols), Kļaviņš (Klavinsh),
Kārkliņš (Karklinsh), Vanags |
Women usually take husband’s name; but may hyphenate their
own before Feminine form –a, if masc form ends in –s or
–š (e.g. Kalna/Kalns) Feminine form –e, if masc form ends in –is (e.g Balode/Balodis) Female GNs end in –e or –a, whilst male ones in –s Fem=Brigita, Grieta, Lizina, Mare Masc= Ansis, Eriks, Janis, Milkins |
Surnames have
genitive endings for addressing •CIA (1963) ‘Latvian personal names’ •Blese (1929) ‘Latviešu personvārdu un
uzvārdu studijas’ •Plākis (1936-39) ‘Latvijas vietu vārdi un
latviešu pavārdi’ •Siliņš (1990) ‘Latviešu personvārdu
vārdnīca’ •Lawson & Balode (1998) ‘Latvian naming patterns,
1880-1991’ 19th ICOS Proc |
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|
Lebanon |
Arabic + French influence English Armenian |
ŘArab 95%,
Armenian 4%, other 1% Ő GN
+[fPN] + FamN Rashid Salim Al-Khoury If middle name, usually will be father’s Family Name types- PN, Iaqab, nisba, kunya, khitab |
Women usually take husband’s name |
•Halaby (1983) ‘Religion, politics and linguistics :
a study of Lebanese personal names’ ANS Bulletin 71 •Starr
(1978)
‘Ethnic Categories and Identification in Lebanon’ Journal of
Contemporary Ethnography, 7 |
|
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|
Lesotho |
Sesotho Zulu Xhosa English |
ŘSotho 99.7% ŐGiven
name + Surname |
|
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|
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|
Liberia |
English 20% (official) plus 20 indigenous langs |
ŘAfrican
tribes 95% Americo-Liberians 2.5% Congo people 2.5% Ő Western |
Women usually take husband’s name |
African tribes = Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, Dei, Bella, Mandingo, and Mende |
|
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Libya |
Arabic Italian English |
ŘBerber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians Ő Arab No hard and fast rules Given + father’s given name (+ ancestor honorifics) Some surnames from tribes or place. Tribal names oft
prefixed with Al- |
|
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|
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|
Liechtenstein |
German, Alemannic dialect |
ŘAlemannic
86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14% Ő Western
name forms |
|
Mr = Herr Mrs = Frau |
|
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|
Lithuania |
Lithuanian 82% Russian 8% Polish 6% |
ŘLithuanian
83%, Polish 7%, Russian 6.% Ő GN + SN Eduardas Cvirka SNs in existence by 15th c, but not intensively
adopted till 17th-18th c SN suffixes
(patronymic relationship) =- aitis, -ius, -ūnas, -onis, -ėnas, or –ynas FamilyN examples: Baužas, Kreve, Paleckis, Stitilis,
Tumas, Voldemaras Female given names tend to end in –a or –e, whilst male
ones in –s (rarely –o) e.g. female= Aliute. Angele, Jadwige, Pelida male = Andrius, Gregoras, Justas, Vincas |
-A married woman takes her husband’s SN, modified with the
ending -ienė -Unmarried females modify SN according to the ending of
fSN e.g. -aitė ending (if father with SN ending in –as
(e.g.Jasaite/Jasas) -ytė (if father with SN ending in -is or –ys (e.g. Liesytė/Liesys) -utė (if father with 2 syllable SN ending in –us) Until the 1920’s, children had to be named from an
approved list of saints’ names. |
Mr = Ponas Mrs = Ponia Miss =
Panelé •Lawson & Butkus (1998-9) ‘Lithuanian “Patriotic’ names”,
1878-1991’ Onoma 34 •Butkus (xxxx) ‘An outline and classification of
Lithuanian nicknames’ Names |
|
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|
Luxembourg |
Luxembourgish (official) French, German |
Ő GN + SN |
|
Orally: Mr = Här Mrs = Madame Miss =
Joffer • (1989)
‘Geographie der Luxemburger
Familiennamen : nach der Volkszählung von 1930’ Isbn - 95134758 |
|
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|
Macao |
Chinese + some Portuguese origin |
Ő FamN +
GN |
|
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|
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|
Macedonia |
Macedonian 66% Albanian 25% Turkish 4% Roma 2% Serbian 1% |
ŘMacedonian
64%, Albanian 25%, Turkish 4%, Roma 3%, Serb 2%, Ő GN +
FamN Blaga Petrova Family names have masculine and feminine endings Ova = feminine form of –Ov Prefixes may be
incorporated = Pop-Georgiev ; Poplazarov PT rarely used, and maybe represented by initials |
A compound surname may be formed of the maiden name and
her husbands surname in the feminine form Ugrinova-Skalovska |
Mr =Gospodin Mrs = Gospgja Miss
= Gospojica •Marinkovi´k. ‘<Sto po kogo e nare’eno : leksikon
na eponimi i na eponimni formi ‘ Isbn - 9989613362 |
|
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|
Madagascar |
Malagasy, French |
Ő FamN +
GN Ralaitafika Narivelo The [GN] Rakoto, Ranaivo, Razafy are v common |
Women mostly adopt husband’s name- though many do not |
•Bloch (2006) ‘Teknonymy and the evocation of the
'social' among the Zafimaniry of Madagascar’ and •Lambek (2006) ‘What's in a name? Name bestowal and the identity of spirits in Mayotte and Northwest Madagascar’ in The anthropology of names and naming isbn 0521848636 |
|
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|
Malawi |
Chichewa 57% Chinyanja Chiyao Chitumbuka Chisena Chilomwe Chitonga English |
ŘEthnic groups: Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni,
Ngonde, Asian, European •Chichewa language Ő GN +
FamN Afiki Juma Compounds may comprise FamN + Clan name John Kambewa Chisale Clan names = Chisale, Banda, Phiri, Mbewe, Nkhoma •Tumbuka ethnic group (northern Malawi) also eastern Zambia
& south-west Tanzania common names = Mhango, Nyirenda,
Nyasulu, Mhone , Kamanga, Ngwira, Mkandawire and
Msiska |
|
•Moyo (2002) ‘Aspects of Tumbuka nicknames’ Names
50 |
|
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|
Malaysia |
Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam,
Panjabi, Thai |
ŘMalay
50%, Chinese 24%, Indigenous 11%, Indian 7%, others 8% •Ethnic Malay GN + part + fPN [+
FamN] Ali bin Ahmad Faridah Merican
= GN + FamN Ethnic Malay names
are Muslim names separated by al, bin (son of) or
binte (daughter of), ibni •Iban GN + part + fPN Iban part= anak (son or daughter of) Iban may be western GN +Iban GN + SN e.g. Peter Jaran Kedit |
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Malaysia- |
|
ŘEthnic Hindu Hindu Indian Malays incorporate Father’s 1st
name, rather than surname Murugan a/l Vellupillai A/L = Anak Lelaki = son of A/P = Anak Perempuan = daughter of But may be arranged as V. Murugan |
Women sometimes take husband’s GN as their SN |
Malaysian Indians in the West increasingly use fPN as
their SN Murugan a/l Vellupillai = M. Vellupillai or Murugan Vellupillai |
|
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|
Malaysia- |
Lang=Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien,
Hakka, Hainan, Foochow |
ŘEthnic Chinese Chinese form Surname+ Given Name(s). Some Chinese Malays embrace
English foremames |
|
•Jones (1984) ‘Chinese names: notes on the use of
surnames & personal names by the Chinese in Malaysia and Singapore’ Isbn-
967978052x |
|
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|
Malaysia- |
Lang= Kristang |
ŘEthnic Portuguese. Portuguese name forms |
|
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|
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|
Maldives |
Maldivian Dhivehi |
ŘSouth
Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs Arab naming system Shortened Arab form = usu just 2 names |
|
Mr = Alfarlil Miss & Mrs =
Arfarlilla |
|
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|
Mali |
|
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|
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|
Malta |
Maltese, English |
ŘMaltese GN + SN Ganni Borġ Leading SN :
Borg, Camillieri, Vella, Farrugia, Zammit, Galea, Mikallef, Grech, Attard, Spiteri,
Cassar, Azzopardi |
|
•Aquilina (1964) ‘A comparative study in lexical
material relating to nicknames and surnames’ Journal of Maltese Studies
2 •Wettinger (1973) Arabo-Berber influences in Malta:
onomastic evidence’ 1st Congress on Mediterranean Studies of
Arabo-Berer Influence Proc. •Sciberras ed.(1988) Authority list of Maltese names
for libraries using AACR2 ‘ |
|
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|
Marshall Islands |
English & Marshallese |
FamN examples: Bikafle, Lanwi,
Langidrik, Matthew PN examples (masc) : Lakilmej, Tion PN examples (fem): Lijalurik, Tanella |
A matrilinear society. A child will be assigned a name
from the mother’s ancestral family |
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|
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Martinique |
|
|
|
•Durand (2002) ‘Les noms de famille d'origine
africaine de la population martiniquaise d'ascendance servile’
Isbn-2747531252 |
|
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|
Mauritania |
French & Hassaniya Arabic |
Arabic naming system Arab forms with insertions- Ould = son of, Mint=
daughter of |
Women retain maiden names on marriage |
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|
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Mauritius |
Creole & English |
|
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|
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|
Mexico |
Spanish |
GN + fSN + mFamN Luis Calles Bustamante The conjunction y has a filing value in surnames Leading FamN : Hernández, García, Martínez, González, Lopez Typical
FamN examples: de Ashbaje, Beltrán, Berra,
Bustamante, Calles, Camacho, Carpio, Carranza, Castillo, Chávez, Correal,
Cortina, Costilla, Covarrubias, Fuentes, Hidalgo, Huerta, Ignacio, Lerdo de
Tejada, Lozado, Maldonado, Najera, Nervo, Obregón, Orozco, Pavón, Rabasa,
Siqueiros, Vidaurri |
Married women add ‘de Husband’s surname’ |
|
|
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Micronesia |
|
•Marshall Islands see separate entry •Marianas Islands Heavily influenced by Spanish name forms Benedicto Inos Dias Some native
(e.g. Chamorro) names Chamorro FamN
examples: Agulto, Chargaulaf, Quichucu, Songao, Taisague •Kosrae •Palau (Republic of Belau) GN + fPN Demei Sumang •Truk •Yap |
Belaun women adopt husband’s Patronymic as a surname |
|
|
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|
Moldavia |
Moldavan |
GN + SN Ion Benja Russian patronymic influence |
|
Oral: [Mr= Domnule, Mrs =
Doamnă, Miss= Domnişoară] |
|
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|
Monaco |
Lang= French |
French forms |
|
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|
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|
Mongolia |
|
Given name (father’s given name + suffix) + Given name Suffix= iin or yn The name (as distinct from the person) can have gender. Yn for masculine nameforms iin for
feminine nameforms o
Recently, there has been a mass move to adopt surnames |
Women retain names
on marriage |
•Krueger (1962) Mongolian personal names - Names 10 • Humphrey (2006) ‘On being named and not named:
authority, persons and their names in Mongolia’ in The
anthropology of names and naming
isbn 0521848636 |
|
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|
Montenegro |
|
|
|
•Miljani´c (2002) ‘Prezimena
u Crnoj knj’ Isbn - 8675900287 |
|
|||||
|
Morocco |
Arabic, French |
Family names exist, and usually placed 1st Except orally, when reversed 2 word name strings-usually- and unconnected by use of bin
or al-,. The traditional nasab is retained, though preceded by ben
and not ibn. |
Women use Lalla before the given name and not the
surname |
Mr= Sayed Miss/Mrs = Lalla •Potter (1999) ‘”Si Mohammed!”: names as address forms in Moroccan Arabic’ Names 47 |
|
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|
Mozambique |
Portuguese |
Men usually place their mother’s maiden name before the
father’s surname |
A married woman may retain her maiden name, positioned
before her married name |
|
|
|||||
Muslim
|
|
PNs are usually derived from Arabic or Persian words. They do not vary very much between countries, though
pronunciation does A large majority
of the world's Muslims use Arabic first names (ism), but it is not
common outside the Arab world to employ the full naming conventions It is not polite to use a GN on its own, unless the person
is well-known to you. PNs like Mohammad and Abdul are religious names, and
should not be used alone Relationship affixes:- Abu (father of), Akhu (brother of), Bin (son of), Bint(e)
(daughter of), Ibn(i) (son of), Ibnat (daughter of), Ukht (sister of), Umm (mother of) |
Women usually retain own names on marriage |
•Schimmel (1989) ‘Islamic names’ •Ahmed (1999)
‘A Dictionary of Muslim names’ •Al-Ja’fari (1977)
‘Muslim names’ •Hakim (1995) ‘A dictionary of Muslim names’ •Zawawi (1998) ‘African Muslim names: images and
identities’ •Oseni (1981) ‘A guide to Muslim names : with
special reference to Nigeria ‘. |
|
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|
Namibia |
|
Given name :family name FamN examples: Kutake, Taapi-Ovambo |
|
•Saarelma-Maunumaa (2003) ‘Edhina Ekogidho –Names as
links: the encounter between African and European anthroponymic systems among the Ambo people in Namibia’ isbn-9517465297 |
|
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|
Nauru |
|
Given name : family name |
|
|
|
|||||
|
Nepal |
|
Given name : family name FamN examples: Baraith, Chand, Joshi,
Mishra, Pant, Rana, Shaha, Thapa, Upreti |
|
•Shrestha (2000) ‘Changing patterns of personal
names among the Maharjans of Katmandu’
Names 48 |
|
|||||
|
Netherlands |
Dutch |
GN [+PT] + SN PT= fGN + suffix –szoon SN may have prefix e.g. de, ter, van der, onderden,
opden, ten, toe, van het, voor etc Jan ten Brink Leading SN : De Jong, De Vries, Jansen,
Van Den Berg, Bakker, Van Dijk, Visser, Jannsen, Smit, Meijer |
Cont from right-hand column •Swaen (1942) ‘Nederlandse familiename’ •Gerritzen (1999) ‘Naming for kin and the
development of modern family structures: an analysis of a rural region in the
Netherlands in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries'. The history of
the family. An international Quarterly
4 •Franz
Manni, Wilbert Heeringa, and John Nerbonne (2006) ‘ To What Extent are Surnames Words? Comparing Geographic
Patterns of Surname and Dialect Variation in the Netherlands ‘ Literary and Linguistic Computing 21 |
Mr = De Heer Mrs = Mevrouw Miss =Mejuffrouw •Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam. Commissie voor Naamkunde. (1963) ‘ Nederlands repertorium van familienamen’ •Meertens,
P.J (1971) ‘The repertory of Dutch family names’ Onoma 16 •Bloothooft
(2004) ‘Over voornamen : hoe Nederland aan z'n voornamen’ Isbn- 9027484449 •Gerritzen (1999) 'Changes in the naming patterns
for girls and boys in the Netherlands against the cultural background (XXth
century)'. Onoma 34 |
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Netherlands Friesian
Isles |
Friesian |
•Friesian Friesian names are characterised by the SN suffixes = -ma
and -stra |
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•Brons (1972) ‘Friesische Namen und Mittheilungen
darüber’ Isbn-350025280x •Gerritzen, D. (2002) 'Voornamen in Friesland: Over
Friese namen, patroniemen en meernamigheid.' It Beaken 63 |
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Netherlands Antilles |
Dutch; Papiemento |
Western Dutch forms |
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Mr = De Heer Mrs = Mevrouw Miss =Mejuffrouw But St Martin =French TAdd |
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New Caledonia |
French, Melanesian languages |
•Melanesian GN + FamN Philippe Doue |
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New Zealand |
Maori, English |
• Maori GN + FamN Paora Ngata |
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•Best (1902) ‘Maori nomenclature’ Jl of the Royal
Anthropological Insitute of GB & Ireland 32 •Mead (1958) ‘Personal Maori names recorded by
Richard Taylor’ Jl of the
Polynesian Society of NZ 67 •Allen (1990) ‘Family names
in Australia & New Zealand’ Isbn-
0864172907 •Dynes (1984) ‘The complete Australian and New
Zealand book of names’ Isbn-0207148619 |
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Nicaragua |
Spanish |
Spanish forms in the main FamN examples: Sarmiento, Zavala, Zelaya |
Married woman= Given name, + father’s surname + de +
husband’s surname |
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Niger |
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Bawa Bako |
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Nigeria Hausa Fulani Yoruba Igbo (Ibo) Ijaw Kanuri Ibibio Tiv |
English, Yoruba, Edo, Igbo, Ikwerre, Efik, Hausa, Tiv |
GN + SN Michael Adebo-Laval Many people have assumed a SN, though this may not be a
FamN English SNs often appear as forenames Prefix Alhaji in male names = male Muslim been to
Mecca. |
Women assume their husband’s family name on marriage Prefix Hajia = A woman who has visited Mecca |
•Oseni (1981) ‘A guide to
Muslim names : with special reference to Nigeria ‘ •Doi (1978) ‘Nigerian Muslim names’ •Eyeoyibo
(2000) ’Dictionary of Itsekiri names’ Isbn- 9783086758 •Ajayi (1985) ‘Ebira names in Nigeria : the origin,
meaning, and pronounciation ‘
Isbn-9782528005 •Amune (1991) ‘Igarra (Etuno) names : origin and
meanings’ |
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Nigeria West |
•Yoruba |
•Yoruba (W Nigeria) GN
+ FamN Michael
Omoleye PN =
(female, Yetunde, male = Babatunde, unisex= Damilola), SN= Adebiyi |
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• Oduyoye (2006) ‘Yoruba names: their structure and
meaning’ -Isbn13: 978-0-907015-05-5 • Okediji (1966) ‘The sociological aspects of
traditional Yoruba names and nicknames’ Odu 3 • Babalola (2005) ‘A dictionary of Yoruba personal
names’ Isbn 9781530626 • Akinyemi (2005) ‘Integrating culture and second language
teaching through Yoruba personal
names’ The Modern Language Journal 89 •Orie (2002) ‘Yoruba names and gender marking’ Anthropological
Linguistics 44 •Fama, Chief (1998) ‘Yoruba names’ –Isbn 0964424754 |
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Nigeria mid-West |
•Edo |
•Edo (mid-W Nigeria) GN + FamN Peter Enahoro PN =(Female, Nogozi, male= Chukwuma, unisex= Adeyema, SN=
Okoro) |
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• Oge (xxxx) ‘Edo personal names and world
view’ Omoregie (2005) ‘Edo names for cultural studies’ isbn
9783789406 |
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Nigeria East |
•Igbo •Ikwerre, Ogoni, Ijaw •Efik, Ibibio |
•Ibo (E Nigeria) GN + FamN Ernest Nwankobi FamN
examples: Achebe, Iwundu •Ikwerre, Ogoni, Ijaw (E Nigeria) GN + FamN Ojim Timebi Ogoni FamN prefix = Ebi Ogoni FamN examples = Beete, Fawehinmi ,Mitee ,Saro-wiwa, Vozor •Efik, Ibibio (E Nigeria) GN + SN Asuquo Ita In Efik lang, many people repeat the GN as the SN Effiong Akpan Effiong |
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•Ubahakwe (2006) ‘Igbo names: their structure and
meaning’ - Isbn13:
978090701567 •Ezeanya (1967) ‘A handbook of Igbo Christian names’ •Umoren (2001) ‘Niger Delta cultural value ‘ Isbn- 9783033387 •Essien (1986) ‘Ibibio names : their structure and
their meanings’ Isbn- 9781221895 |
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Nigeria North |
•Hausa, Fulfuda •Tiv •Bini |
•Hausa, Fulfuda (N Nigeria) GN + additional name + FamN Adama Ibn Ishaq Dan Gambo Additional elements (may form part of SN if W practice
adopted) = Binji, Dikko, Ingawa, Suleiman PN= (female=
Amina, male=Ibrahim, unisex= Adebola, SN= Yusuf Hausa FamN examples = Burja, Habe, Rumfa •Tiv (N Nigeria) Traditional GN Ayu Or adopted to W
custom GN + FamN Joseph Kpera
•Bini |
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• CIA (1965) ‘Hausa personal names’ • Wescott (1974) ‘Bini names in Nigeria and
Georgia ‘ Linguistics 124 | ||||||