Naming Systems of the World Countries P-Z
Country	Languages	Structure & (Example) Ethnic groups- Types - History	Women (and on marriage) Children Society	Terms of Address – Further reading- Notes
Pakistan	Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English Burushaski	Population 165.8 m (July 2006 est) Ethnic groups: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India at the time of partition and their descendants) GN + FamN(or Caste N) Ahmed Khan Islamic naming tradition, but 1 or more elements may be abbreviated. A name may consist of just 1-7 PN e.g. Mujib Alam Some terms of address may be integral to a name e.g. Sahib, Hazrat, Agha Family or clan names e.g. Choushry, Mian, Malik, Raja etc	The honoric Begum is used by a married woman before her husband’s name Begum Ahmad Ali	•Huq (1970) ‘A study of Bengali Muslim personal names’ •Badalkhan (2003) ‘Language contact in Balochistan and Its Impact on Balochi Personal Names’ in The Baloch and their neighbours: ethnic and linguistic contact in Balochistan in historical and modern times (ed Jahani & Kom) •Khurshid (1997) ‘Cataloguing of Pakistani names’
Palau	English Paluan
Palestine				• Atawneh (2005) ‘Family names in Palestine : a reflection of culture and life’ Names 53 •Kayad & Lance (2001) ‘Personal names in Palestine and Jordan, 1850-1996’ Onoma 36 •Tushyeh & Hamdallah ‘Palestinian surnames derived from nicknames’ Names 40 •Tushyeh (1989) ‘Palestinian first names : an introduction’ Names 37
Panama	Spanish English [many bi-lingual]	Population: 3.2m (July 2006 est) Ethnic groups: mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 70%, Amerindian and mixed (West Indian) 14%, white 10%, Amerindian 6% GN +fSN + mFamN Licenciado José Antonio Burgos		Mr= Señor Mrs= Señora Miss= Señorita
Papua New Guinea	Melanesian Pidgin English 1-2% Motu 715 local lang	Population: 5.7m (July 2006 est) Ethnic groups:Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian GN + FamN UK style name use Joseph Eafere	Women take hSN but append maiden name Josepha Eafere née Numoi Children may be given FamN of a relative or respected other, so brothers and sisters may have diff fam names- but being superseded by UK practice among educated	• Glasse (1987) ‘Huli names and naming’ Ethnology 26 • Harrison (1990) ‘Stealing people's names : history and politics in a Sepik River cosmology’ isbn 0521385040
Paraguay	Spanish	Spanish- American naming practice GN + fFamN + mFamN		Mr= Señor Mrs= Señora Miss= Señorita • Zubizarreta (2002) ‘Apellidos vascos en Paraguay : sus significados’ [Basque names in Paraguay]
Peru	Spanish Quechua	GN + SN or GN +fFamN + mFamN Roberto de Rivero or Carlos Ortiz de Zevallos		Mr= Señor Mrs= Señora Miss= Señorita
Philippines	Philippine English Spanish	GN + mSN + fSN Juan Vera Cruz The vast majority have Spanish surnames Use of nicknames is very common. Common SN = Rizal, Santos, Fernandez, Garcia The 2^nd given name is often abbrev to an initial. With unmarried women it is the initial of the mother’s surname; with married women their maiden name Nicknames are extremely popular in the Philippines	Many female GNs end in –a, whilst male GNs end in -o “Filipinas take the surname of their husbands, and the surname of their father then moves left to become their (often initialised) middle name”	Tagalog:- Mr =Ginoo Mrs= Ginang, Miss= Binibini •Tibon (1988,1995) ‘Diccionario etimológico comparado de los apellidos españoles, hispanoamericanos y filipinos’ Isbn-9681318862 •Sicat (2003) ‘The Kapampangans : speakers, surnames, and Identity’ Isbn- 9719148853 [The Kapampangans are the seventh largest Filipino ethnic group]
Pitcairn island		UK style
Poland	Polish	GN + SN Zofia Kowalska Usual SN ending is –ski, (feminine= =ska) , if –cki, feminine = -cka. Certain SNs have the feminine form –owa (e.g. Dubis = Dubisowa). Others indeclinable = Debiec) Common SN suffixes:- -ski/-cki, -ak, -icz/ycz, -ik/-yk, -ek, -uk Many of these are associated with differing types e.g. patronymic, toponymical e.g. –ak, -czyk, -ek, and –ik. However, the suffix –ski is most commonly added to a placename, also to a lesser extent a landscape feature or a patronymic e.g. Adamski The suffixes –owicz, -ewicz, and icz/-ycz are characteristic endings for patronyms e.g. Piotrowicz Nickname surnames are also common e.g. Wilk (for someone who resembled a wolf) Leading PN (Male)= Wtadistaw, Karol, Zbigniev, Tadeusz, Piotr Leading PN (female) = Danuta, Halina, Jadwiga, Wanda Leading surnames= Nowak, Kowalski, Wiśniewski, Wójcik, Kowalczyk, Kamiński, Lewandowski, Zieliński, Szymański, Woźniak, Dąbrowski, Kozłowski, Jankowski, Novachek, Wojciechowski, Kwiatkowski, Krawczyk, Kaczmarek, Piotrowski, Grabowski Others: Czachoaroswki, Astachonowicz, Wojtkow, Michatowski	Women may have a different (feminine) ending to husband’s surname -owa, ina Zofia Rowiczowa Zofia Zarembina But names ending in I or y in the masculine, take -a or ska in the feminine Zofia Kowalska is the wife of Jan Kowalski Unmarried take special ending to fSN -owna -anka Zofia Rowiczówna Zofia Zarembianka But feminine endings falling into disuse(optional since 1973) , and masculine form inc used e.g. Bialy, Kowalski, Rawicz, Zaremba In the UK, the Polish community is long-established; arriving in the 1940’s. With the accession of Poland to the EU, there has recently been a fresh influx. In the UK 2001 census, 60,708 people recorded as having been born in Poland Strong presences in Ealing, Brent and Barnet. Otherwise – Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire, and W Midlands	Mr = Pan, Mrs (and Miss)=Pani •Hoffman (1998) ‘Polish surnames’ 2^nd ed. •Kaleta (1997) ‘The surname as a cultural value and an ethnic heritage : tracing your Polish roots ‘ •Kaleta (1998-9) ‘The Polish surname as a carrier of moral values and as an ethnic inheritance’ Onoma 34 •Knab (2000) ‘Polish first names’ –Isbn- 0781807492 •Skowronek (2001) Wspóczesne nazwisko polskie : studium statystyczno-kognitywne ‘ Isbn 8387623393 •Tomczak (2003) ‘Slownik odapelatywnych nazwisk Polaków ‘ Isbn 8322924100
Polynesia	Hawai’iian	Largest ethnic group = Japanese The Hawai’ian language has no G, R, S, V, or Y And consequently no names with these consonants. No compound consonants like CR either. All words end in a vowel e.g. Anuhea (cool fragance, mountain breeze), Hanohano (glorious, honoured), Ka’apeha (cloud of several colours; important) , Linohau (perfectly dressed), Maluhia (peace, serenity) , Nalu (full of waves) Whole family have an input into naming a child. Unpleasant names might be used temporarily to ward off evil spirits. Sometimes, “resentment names” – commemorating a hurt or insult • Hawaii • Samoa • Tahiti Most names begin with Te- (=the definite article) Fem examples= Teihotu, Terito, Tiipaarii Masc examples = Tavi, Teohu, Tiipaarii	The Act to Regulate Names of 1860 required the Hawai’ian islanders to bear a Christian PN plus a patrilinear FamN. Consequently most people chose their Hawai’ian PN as their FamN.	Mr=Monsieur Mrs= Madame Miss= Mademoiselle Tahitian correspondence= Tane after last name (for Mr) and Vahine (for Mrs/Miss)
Portugal	Portuguese	GN + mFamN + fFamN Both may be used or only the father’s SN Prefixes = de, da, do, das, dos, d’ Joaquim da Fonseca Leading PN (female)= (Maria da) Conceicao, (Maria de) Fatima, Sofia, Teresa, Isabel Leading PN (male) Joao, Carlos, Manoel, Alfonso Leading SN = Fereiria, Carvalho, Rodrigues, Ramalho, Almeida, Pereira, de Souza	Traditionally, a married woman retained her maiden name. But many now take husband’s SN or add it to their own	Mr= Senhor Mrs = Senhora, Minha Senhora or Dona Miss = Senhora or Menina • Machado (1984) ‘Dicionário onomástico etmológico da língua portuguesa’ •Guérios (1981) ‘Dicionário etimol¢gico de nomes e sobrenomes’ •Vasconcellos (1928) ‘Antroponimia portuguesa: tratado comparativo da origem,significação, classificação, e vida do conjunto dos nomes proprios, sobrenomes, e apelidos, usados por nós desde a idademédiaaté hoje …’ •Fucilla (1979) ‘Portuguese office and occupational surnames’ Onoma 23 •Fucilla (1979) ‘Portuguese nicknames as surnames’ Names 27 •Moser (1970) ‘Portuguese family names’ - Names 8 •Sousa (2001) ‘As origens dos apelidos das famílias portuguesas’ –Isbn 9728696019 •Brattö (1958) ‘Filipe, Henrique e outros nomes próprios em Portugal e na Europa ‘ •Belo (1997) ‘Mil e tal nomes próprios’ Isbn-9727110975 •Belo (1992) ‘Nomes próprios’ Isbn-972947804x
Puerto Rico				Mr= Señor Mrs= Señora Miss= Señorita
Qatar		Arabic forms GN + fPN +[gfPN] + [ClN} Ali Abdullah Mughram Al-Ghamdi	Women usu derive names from father, retaining own name on marriage	Mr = Sayed Mrs= Sayeda Miss =Anessa
Reunion				Mr=Monsieur Mrs= Madame Miss= Mademoiselle
Romania	Romanian	GN + [prefix] + SN Grigore Alexandrescu Prefixes = de, a, al The roman alphabet was officially adopted in 1860 Leading SN: Popa (=Priest), Popescu (= son of the priest), Radu (=happy), Ionescu ("Son of John"), Şerban, Matei ("Matthew"), Stoica, Gheorghe ("George"), Constantin ("Constantine"), Stan ("Stan"), Dumitrescu ("Son of Demetrius"), Mihai ("Michael"), Ioniţă ("Little John"), Dumitru ("Demetrius"), Dinu ("Constantine"), Tudor ("Theodor"), Dobre (Slavic root "dobro" - "good"), Barbu ("Bearded one"), Ştefan ("Stephan"), Florea ("Flower"), Ene (variation of "Ion" - John), Vasile ("Basil"), Marin ("Marinus"), Ghiţă ("Little George"), Georgescu ("Son of George")	Most wives take husband’s SN on marriage; some both their own + husbands, and a few keep own maiden SN	Orally to unknown: Mr= Domnule Mrs = Doamnă Miss= Domnişoară Orally + surname Mr= Domnule Mrs = Doamna Miss= Domnişoara Correspondence: Mr= Domnul Mrs = DoamnăaMiss= Domnişoara •Iordan (1983) Dictionar al numelor de familie românesti (Dictionary of Romanian Families) •Stahl ed. (xxxx) ‘Names and social structure : examples fron south east Europe’ Isbn- 0-88033-404-5
Russian Federation		GN + [PT ] + SN Mihail Alexsandrovič Kuprin PT = adding adjective suffix to father’s GN = ov(a) ev(a) e.g. Petrov or Petrova The PT is sometime omitted Contemporary PT have suffix –ich or -na e.g. Tatiana Ivanovna Nazarov FamN may also derive from professions (e.g. Kuznetsova =Smith), Locatives (e.g. Moskvina = Moscow), Personal characteristics (e.g. Tolstoy = stout) Leading FamN: Иванов (Ivanov), Васильев (Vasilyev), Петров (Petrov), Смирнов (Smirnov), Михайлов (Mikhailov), Федоров (Fyodorov), Соколов (Sokolov), Яковлев (Yakovlev), Попов (Popov), Андреев (Andreyev)	Some women adopt husband’s FamN on marriage- others hyphenate it	Mr= Gospodin Mrs/Miss = Gospozha •Benson (1964) ‘Dictionary of Russian personal names’ •Nikonov (1983) ‘The geography of Russian surnames’ Voprosy yazykoznaniya 32 •Davis (1968) ‘Soviet Russian given names’ Names 17 •Deatherage (1962) ‘Soviet surnames: a handbook’ •Room (1983) ‘Russian personal names since the Revolution’ Journal of Russian Studies 45,46 •Unbegaun (1972) Russian surnames •Lawson & Nevo (2005) ‘Russian given names : their pronunciation, meaning & frequency’ Names 53
Rwanda	Kinyarwanda French	François Ngarukiyintwali		Mr=Monsieur Mrs= Madame Miss= Mademoiselle •Kimenyi (1989) ‘Kinyarwanda and Kirundi names : a semiolinguistic analysis of Bantu onomastics’ Isbn - 0889461856
San Marino	Italian			Mr = Signor(e) Mrs= Signora Miss =Signorina
São Tomé & Principe	Portuguese			Mr= Senhor Mrs/Miss = Senhora
Saudi Arabia	Arabic	Population: 27.02m (includes 5.6 non-nationals) (July 2006 est.) Ethnic groups:Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10% Arabic name forms		Mr= Sayed Mrs =Sayeda Miss= Anessa •Yassin (1986) ‘The Arabian way with names’ Linguist 25 •Sholan (1999) ‘Frauennamen in den altsüdarabischen Inschriften’ Isbn - 348711044x [Feminine names in south arabia-]
Senegal	French	Name elements: any from {PT + GN + pGN +gGN + PlN} Momar Marème Diop= GN +pGN + PT Nafissa Ndiaye Kélédor = GN + PT + pGN Islam and Europe have influenced choice of GN e.g. Ahmet, Théodore		Mr=Monsieur Mrs= Madame Miss= Mademoiselle
Serbia	Serbian	FamN + [initialised]PT + SN Jovan Stefanoviċ Bogdanov Leading SN: Petrović (Петровић), Jovanović (Јовановић) , Marković (Марковић), Popović (Поповић), Nikolić (Николић), Vuković (Вуковић), Živković (Живковић), Đorđević (Ђорђевић), Lukić (Лукић), Marić (Марић), Janković (Јанковић), Milovanović (Миловановић), Ilić (Илић), Obradović (Обрадовић), Aleksić (Алексић), Gavrilović (Гавриловић), Davidović (Давидовић), Đurović (Ђуровић), Stevanović (Стевановић), Stefanović (Стефановић), Radović (Радовић), Stojanović (Стојановић), Jelić (Јелић), Božović (Божовић)		•Miljani´c (2002) ‘Prezimena u Crnoj knj’ Isbn – 8675900287 •Miljani´c (2002) ‘Prezimena u Crnoj Gori’ Isbn-867590028 •Mihajlovi´c (2002) ‘Srpski prezimenik’ Isbn- 8675380194 •Pavlovi´c (2001) Kosovo u srpskim imenima’ Isbn -8679350737
Seychelles	Creole 92% English 5% (off)	Population: 81,541 (July 2006 est.) Ethnic groups: mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab Willaim Herminie		Creole Mr= Msye Mrs = Madam Miss = Ms
Sierra Leone	English	GN + FamN Abdul Kamara UK style	Women take husband’s FamN	•Nemer (1987) ‘Phonological sterotypes and names in Temne’ Language in Society 16
Singapore	- Chinese	FamN + GNs Usually 3 monosyllables. It has become commonplace for a Western forename to be added, thus Lim Patricia Pui Huen In Singapore, the Western GN is placed before the Chinese GNs Leading SN : Tan, Lim, Lee, Ng, Ong, Wong, Goh, Chua, Chan, Koh, Teo, Ang, Yeo, Tay, Ho, Low, Toh, Sim, Chong, Chia		•Jones (1984) ‘Chinese names’ ..[in Malaysia and Singapore] •Tan (2001) 'Englishised names? : an analysis of naming patterns among ethnic Chinese Singaporeans' English Today 17
	- Malay	GN + fPN + FamN
	- Tamil	GN + fPN + FamN Balasubramaniam Venkataraman Aggarwal Long names are often abbreviated
Slovak Republic	Slovak	GN + FamN Jozef Plávka PT system does not apply Slovak FamN are derived from nouns and adjectives and are declined accordingly	Female FamN (about 70%) take the ending –ova or –a e.g. Anna Pláková	Mr = Pán, Mrs =Pani, Miss =Slečna •CIA (1964) ‘Slovak personal names’ • (1996) ‘Slovak pride : family names & ancestral villages’ •Jurko (1999) ‘Aké meno dávate svojmu diev’atku’ Isbn-8096822500 [feminine names slovakia[
Slovenia	Slovene	GN + FamN Peter Vodnik Slovenian SNs may show German, Hungarian, Italian and Slavic influences (or Slovenicised forms) e.g. Schmidt alongside Šmid Suffixes – toponymic/topographical = -nik, -ek or –c, -šek, -an or –r e.g. Bohinec Patronymic common suffixes = -čič or –ič, -ec and –c e.g. Gregorič (Many derived from Catholic saints’ names) The patronymic suffix –ovič indicates an origin in the border regions with Serbia/Croatia Suffixes occupational = -ar and –ec e.g. Kavev ‘weaver’ Leading SN : Novak, Horvat, Krajnc, Kovačič, Zupančič, Kovač, Potočnik, Mlakar, Vidmar, Golob	Women usually take husband’s SN, but not a fixed rule. Married women sometimes have feminized surnames (suffix –ova) Many Slovenian surnames can undergo substitution of the letters, p with b (and vice-versa) and b with v (and vice-versa) e.g. Burgar and Purgar Omission of the the reduced vowel ’e’ is common e.g. Debevec / Debevc Slovenes emigrated to USA, Germany, France, Argentina, Canada, Australia and Serbia	Mr = Gospod, Mrs = Gospa, Miss = Gospodicna •The database of first names and family names of citizens of the Republic of Slovenia •Tasso et al. (2005) ‘Distribution of surnames and linguistic-cultural identities in Western Slovenia’ Collegium Anthropologicum 29 •Merku (1993) ‘Svetniki v slovenskem imenoslovju’ [Slovenian surnames derived from saints’ names] •Merku (1982) ‘ Slovenski priimki na zahodni meji’ [Slovenian surnames on the Western frontier] •Keber (1988) ‘Leksikon imen : izvor imen na Slovenskem ‘ • (1991) Slovenská onomastická konferencia (Bratislava, Slovakia :1989)
Solomon Islands