Naming Systems of the World Countries P-Z |
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Country |
Languages
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Structure & (Example) Ethnic
groups- Types - History |
Women (and on marriage)
Children
Society |
Terms of Address – Further reading- Notes |
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Pakistan |
Punjabi 48%,
Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%,
English Burushaski |
Population 165.8 m (July 2006
est) Ethnic groups: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India at the time of partition and their descendants) GN + FamN(or Caste N) Ahmed Khan Islamic naming
tradition, but 1 or more elements may be abbreviated. A name may consist of
just 1-7 PN e.g. Mujib Alam Some terms of
address may be integral to a name e.g. Sahib, Hazrat, Agha Family or clan names e.g.
Choushry, Mian, Malik, Raja etc |
The honoric Begum is used by a married woman before
her husband’s name Begum Ahmad Ali |
•Huq (1970) ‘A study of Bengali Muslim personal
names’ •Badalkhan (2003) ‘Language contact in Balochistan
and Its Impact on Balochi Personal Names’ in The Baloch and their neighbours: ethnic and linguistic contact in
Balochistan in historical and modern times (ed Jahani & Kom) •Khurshid (1997) ‘Cataloguing of Pakistani names’ |
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Palau |
English Paluan |
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Palestine
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• Atawneh (2005) ‘Family names in Palestine : a
reflection of culture and life’ Names 53 •Kayad & Lance (2001) ‘Personal names in
Palestine and Jordan, 1850-1996’ Onoma 36 •Tushyeh & Hamdallah ‘Palestinian surnames
derived from nicknames’ Names 40 •Tushyeh (1989) ‘Palestinian first names : an
introduction’ Names 37 |
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Panama |
Spanish English [many bi-lingual] |
Population: 3.2m (July 2006 est) Ethnic groups: mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 70%, Amerindian and mixed (West Indian) 14%, white 10%, Amerindian 6% GN +fSN + mFamN Licenciado José Antonio Burgos |
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Mr= Señor Mrs= Señora Miss= Señorita |
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Papua New Guinea |
Melanesian Pidgin English 1-2% Motu 715 local lang |
Population: 5.7m (July 2006 est) Ethnic groups:Melanesian,
Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian
GN + FamN UK style name use Joseph Eafere |
Women take hSN but append maiden name Josepha Eafere née Numoi Children may be given FamN of a relative or respected
other, so brothers and sisters may have diff fam names- but being superseded
by UK practice among educated |
• Glasse (1987) ‘Huli names and naming’ Ethnology
26 • Harrison (1990) ‘Stealing people's names : history
and politics in a Sepik River cosmology’ isbn 0521385040 |
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Paraguay |
Spanish |
Spanish- American naming practice GN + fFamN + mFamN |
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Mr= Señor Mrs= Señora Miss=
Señorita • Zubizarreta (2002) ‘Apellidos vascos en Paraguay :
sus significados’ [Basque names in Paraguay] |
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Peru |
Spanish Quechua |
GN + SN or GN +fFamN + mFamN Roberto de Rivero or Carlos Ortiz de Zevallos |
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Mr= Señor Mrs= Señora Miss=
Señorita |
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Philippines |
Philippine English Spanish |
GN + mSN + fSN Juan Vera Cruz The vast majority have Spanish surnames Use of nicknames is very common. Common SN = Rizal, Santos,
Fernandez, Garcia The 2nd given name is
often abbrev to an initial. With unmarried women it is the initial of the
mother’s surname; with married women their maiden name Nicknames are extremely popular
in the Philippines |
Many female GNs end in –a, whilst male GNs end in -o “Filipinas take the surname of their husbands, and the
surname of their father then moves left to become their (often initialised)
middle name” |
Tagalog:- Mr =Ginoo Mrs= Ginang, Miss=
Binibini •Tibon (1988,1995) ‘Diccionario etimológico
comparado de los apellidos españoles, hispanoamericanos y filipinos’
Isbn-9681318862 •Sicat (2003)
‘The Kapampangans : speakers, surnames, and Identity’ Isbn- 9719148853 [The Kapampangans
are the seventh largest Filipino ethnic group] |
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Pitcairn island |
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UK style |
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Poland |
Polish |
GN + SN Zofia Kowalska Usual SN ending is –ski, (feminine= =ska) , if –cki, feminine = -cka. Certain
SNs have the feminine form –owa (e.g. Dubis = Dubisowa). Others indeclinable = Debiec) Common SN suffixes:- -ski/-cki, -ak, -icz/ycz, -ik/-yk, -ek, -uk Many of these are associated with differing types e.g.
patronymic, toponymical e.g. –ak, -czyk, -ek, and –ik. However, the suffix –ski is most commonly added to
a placename, also to a lesser extent a landscape feature or a patronymic e.g.
Adamski The suffixes –owicz, -ewicz, and icz/-ycz
are characteristic endings for patronyms e.g. Piotrowicz Nickname surnames are also common e.g. Wilk (for someone
who resembled a wolf) Leading PN (Male)= Wtadistaw, Karol, Zbigniev, Tadeusz, Piotr Leading PN (female) = Danuta, Halina, Jadwiga, Wanda Leading surnames= Nowak,
Kowalski, Wiśniewski, Wójcik,
Kowalczyk, Kamiński, Lewandowski, Zieliński, Szymański,
Woźniak, Dąbrowski, Kozłowski, Jankowski, Novachek, Wojciechowski, Kwiatkowski, Krawczyk, Kaczmarek, Piotrowski, Grabowski Others: Czachoaroswki, Astachonowicz, Wojtkow, Michatowski |
Women may have a different (feminine) ending to husband’s
surname -owa, ina Zofia Rowiczowa Zofia Zarembina But names
ending in I or y in the masculine, take
-a or ska in the feminine Zofia Kowalska is the
wife of Jan Kowalski Unmarried take special ending to fSN -owna -anka Zofia Rowiczówna Zofia Zarembianka But feminine endings falling into disuse(optional since
1973) , and masculine form inc used e.g. Bialy, Kowalski, Rawicz, Zaremba In the UK, the Polish community
is long-established; arriving in the 1940’s. With the accession of Poland to
the EU, there has recently been a fresh influx. In the UK 2001 census, 60,708
people recorded as having been born in Poland Strong presences in Ealing,
Brent and Barnet. Otherwise – Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire, and W
Midlands |
Mr = Pan, Mrs
(and Miss)=Pani •Hoffman (1998) ‘Polish surnames’ 2nd ed. •Kaleta (1997) ‘The surname as a cultural value and
an ethnic heritage : tracing your Polish roots ‘ •Kaleta (1998-9) ‘The Polish surname as a carrier of
moral values and as an ethnic inheritance’ Onoma 34 •Knab (2000) ‘Polish first names’ –Isbn- 0781807492 •Skowronek (2001) Wspóczesne nazwisko polskie :
studium statystyczno-kognitywne ‘ Isbn 8387623393 •Tomczak
(2003) ‘Slownik odapelatywnych
nazwisk Polaków ‘ Isbn 8322924100 |
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Polynesia |
Hawai’iian |
Largest ethnic group = Japanese The Hawai’ian language has no G, R, S, V, or Y And consequently no names with these consonants. No compound consonants like CR either. All words end in a vowel e.g. Anuhea (cool fragance, mountain breeze), Hanohano
(glorious, honoured), Ka’apeha (cloud of several colours; important) ,
Linohau (perfectly dressed), Maluhia (peace, serenity) , Nalu (full of waves)
Whole family have an input into naming a child. Unpleasant names might be used temporarily to ward off
evil spirits. Sometimes, “resentment names” – commemorating a hurt or
insult • Hawaii • Samoa • Tahiti Most names
begin with Te- (=the definite article) Fem examples= Teihotu,
Terito, Tiipaarii Masc examples
= Tavi, Teohu, Tiipaarii |
The Act to Regulate Names of 1860 required the
Hawai’ian islanders to bear a Christian PN plus a patrilinear FamN. Consequently
most people chose their Hawai’ian PN as their FamN. |
Mr=Monsieur Mrs= Madame Miss=
Mademoiselle Tahitian correspondence= Tane
after last name (for Mr) and Vahine (for Mrs/Miss) |
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Portugal |
Portuguese |
GN + mFamN + fFamN Both may be used or only the father’s SN Prefixes = de, da, do, das, dos, d’ Joaquim da Fonseca Leading PN (female)= (Maria da)
Conceicao, (Maria de) Fatima, Sofia, Teresa, Isabel Leading PN (male) Joao, Carlos,
Manoel, Alfonso Leading SN = Fereiria, Carvalho,
Rodrigues, Ramalho, Almeida, Pereira, de Souza |
Traditionally,
a married woman retained her maiden name. But many now take husband’s SN or add it to their own |
Mr= Senhor Mrs = Senhora, Minha Senhora or Dona Miss = Senhora or Menina • Machado (1984) ‘Dicionário onomástico etmológico da
língua portuguesa’ •Guérios (1981)
‘Dicionário etimol¢gico de nomes e sobrenomes’ •Vasconcellos (1928) ‘Antroponimia
portuguesa: tratado comparativo da origem,significação, classificação, e vida
do conjunto dos nomes proprios, sobrenomes, e apelidos, usados por nós desde
a idademédiaaté hoje …’ •Fucilla (1979) ‘Portuguese office and occupational
surnames’ Onoma 23 •Fucilla (1979) ‘Portuguese nicknames as surnames’ Names
27 •Moser (1970) ‘Portuguese family names’ - Names 8 •Sousa (2001) ‘As origens dos apelidos das famílias portuguesas’ –Isbn 9728696019 •Brattö (1958) ‘Filipe, Henrique e outros nomes
próprios em Portugal e na Europa ‘ •Belo (1997) ‘Mil e tal nomes próprios’ Isbn-9727110975 •Belo
(1992) ‘Nomes próprios’ Isbn-972947804x |
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Puerto Rico |
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Mr= Señor Mrs= Señora Miss=
Señorita |
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Qatar |
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Arabic forms GN + fPN +[gfPN] + [ClN} Ali Abdullah Mughram Al-Ghamdi |
Women usu derive names from father, retaining own name on
marriage |
Mr = Sayed Mrs= Sayeda Miss =Anessa |
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Reunion |
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Mr=Monsieur Mrs= Madame Miss=
Mademoiselle |
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Romania |
Romanian |
GN + [prefix] + SN Grigore Alexandrescu Prefixes = de, a, al The roman alphabet was officially adopted in 1860 Leading SN: Popa (=Priest), Popescu (= son
of the priest), Radu (=happy), Ionescu ("Son of John"),
Şerban, Matei ("Matthew"), Stoica, Gheorghe
("George"), Constantin ("Constantine"), Stan
("Stan"), Dumitrescu ("Son of Demetrius"), Mihai
("Michael"), Ioniţă ("Little John"), Dumitru
("Demetrius"), Dinu ("Constantine"), Tudor
("Theodor"), Dobre (Slavic root "dobro" -
"good"), Barbu ("Bearded one"), Ştefan
("Stephan"), Florea ("Flower"), Ene (variation of
"Ion" - John), Vasile ("Basil"), Marin
("Marinus"), Ghiţă ("Little George"), Georgescu
("Son of George") |
Most wives take husband’s SN on marriage; some both their
own + husbands, and a few keep own maiden SN |
Orally to unknown: Mr= Domnule Mrs = Doamnă
Miss= Domnişoară Orally + surname Mr= Domnule Mrs = Doamna Miss=
Domnişoara Correspondence: Mr= Domnul Mrs =
DoamnăaMiss= Domnişoara •Iordan (1983) Dictionar al numelor de familie românesti (Dictionary of Romanian Families) •Stahl ed. (xxxx) ‘Names and social structure : examples fron south east Europe’ Isbn- 0-88033-404-5 |
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Russian Federation |
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GN + [PT ] + SN Mihail Alexsandrovič Kuprin PT = adding adjective suffix to father’s GN = ov(a) ev(a)
e.g. Petrov or Petrova The PT is sometime omitted Contemporary PT have suffix –ich or -na e.g. Tatiana
Ivanovna Nazarov FamN may also derive from professions (e.g. Kuznetsova
=Smith), Locatives (e.g. Moskvina = Moscow), Personal characteristics (e.g.
Tolstoy = stout) Leading FamN: Иванов
(Ivanov), Васильев
(Vasilyev), Петров (Petrov),
Смирнов (Smirnov), Михайлов
(Mikhailov), Федоров (Fyodorov),
Соколов (Sokolov), Яковлев
(Yakovlev), Попов (Popov),
Андреев (Andreyev) |
Some women adopt husband’s FamN on marriage- others
hyphenate it |
Mr= Gospodin Mrs/Miss = Gospozha •Benson (1964) ‘Dictionary of Russian personal
names’ •Nikonov (1983) ‘The geography of Russian surnames’ Voprosy yazykoznaniya 32 •Davis (1968) ‘Soviet Russian given names’ Names
17 •Deatherage (1962) ‘Soviet surnames: a handbook’ •Room (1983) ‘Russian personal names since the
Revolution’ Journal of Russian Studies 45,46 •Unbegaun (1972) Russian surnames •Lawson & Nevo (2005) ‘Russian given names :
their pronunciation, meaning & frequency’ Names 53 |
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Rwanda |
Kinyarwanda French |
François Ngarukiyintwali |
|
Mr=Monsieur Mrs= Madame Miss=
Mademoiselle •Kimenyi (1989) ‘Kinyarwanda and Kirundi names : a
semiolinguistic analysis of Bantu onomastics’ Isbn - 0889461856 |
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San Marino |
Italian |
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Mr = Signor(e) Mrs= Signora Miss
=Signorina |
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São Tomé & Principe |
Portuguese |
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Mr= Senhor Mrs/Miss = Senhora |
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Saudi Arabia |
Arabic |
Population: 27.02m
(includes 5.6 non-nationals) (July 2006 est.) Ethnic groups:Arab 90%,
Afro-Asian 10% Arabic name forms |
|
Mr= Sayed Mrs =Sayeda Miss= Anessa •Yassin (1986) ‘The Arabian way with names’ Linguist
25 •Sholan
(1999) ‘Frauennamen in den altsüdarabischen Inschriften’ Isbn -
348711044x [Feminine names in south arabia-] |
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Senegal |
French |
Name elements: any from {PT + GN + pGN +gGN + PlN} Momar Marème Diop= GN
+pGN + PT Nafissa Ndiaye Kélédor = GN +
PT + pGN Islam and Europe have influenced choice of GN e.g. Ahmet, Théodore |
|
Mr=Monsieur Mrs= Madame Miss=
Mademoiselle |
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Serbia |
Serbian |
FamN + [initialised]PT + SN Jovan Stefanoviċ Bogdanov Leading SN: Petrović
(Петровић), Jovanović
(Јовановић) ,
Marković (Марковић),
Popović (Поповић),
Nikolić (Николић),
Vuković (Вуковић),
Živković (Живковић), Đorđević
(Ђорђевић), Lukić
(Лукић), Marić
(Марић), Janković
(Јанковић), Milovanović
(Миловановић),
Ilić (Илић), Obradović
(Обрадовић),
Aleksić (Алексић),
Gavrilović (Гавриловић),
Davidović
(Давидовић),
Đurović (Ђуровић),
Stevanović (Стевановић),
Stefanović
(Стефановић),
Radović (Радовић),
Stojanović (Стојановић),
Jelić (Јелић), Božović
(Божовић) |
|
•Miljani´c (2002) ‘Prezimena
u Crnoj knj’ Isbn – 8675900287 •Miljani´c (2002) ‘Prezimena
u Crnoj Gori’ Isbn-867590028 •Mihajlovi´c (2002) ‘Srpski prezimenik’ Isbn-
8675380194 •Pavlovi´c (2001) Kosovo u srpskim imenima’ Isbn -8679350737 |
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Seychelles |
Creole 92% English 5% (off) |
Population: 81,541 (July 2006
est.) Ethnic groups: mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and
Arab Willaim Herminie |
|
Creole Mr= Msye Mrs = Madam Miss = Ms |
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Sierra Leone |
English |
GN + FamN Abdul Kamara UK style |
Women take husband’s FamN |
•Nemer (1987) ‘Phonological sterotypes and names in
Temne’ Language in Society 16 |
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Singapore |
- Chinese |
FamN + GNs Usually 3 monosyllables. It has become commonplace for a
Western forename to be added, thus Lim Patricia Pui Huen In Singapore,
the Western GN is placed before the Chinese GNs Leading SN : Tan, Lim, Lee, Ng, Ong,
Wong, Goh, Chua, Chan, Koh, Teo, Ang, Yeo, Tay, Ho, Low, Toh, Sim, Chong,
Chia |
|
•Jones (1984) ‘Chinese names’ ..[in Malaysia and Singapore] •Tan
(2001) 'Englishised names? : an analysis of naming patterns among ethnic
Chinese Singaporeans' English Today
17 |
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- Malay |
GN + fPN + FamN |
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- Tamil |
GN + fPN + FamN Balasubramaniam Venkataraman Aggarwal Long names are often abbreviated |
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Slovak Republic |
Slovak |
GN + FamN Jozef Plávka PT system does not apply Slovak FamN are derived from nouns and adjectives and are
declined accordingly |
Female FamN (about 70%)
take the ending –ova or –a e.g. Anna
Pláková |
Mr = Pán, Mrs =Pani, Miss =Slečna •CIA (1964) ‘Slovak personal names’ • (1996) ‘Slovak pride : family names &
ancestral villages’ •Jurko (1999) ‘Aké meno dávate svojmu diev’atku’
Isbn-8096822500 [feminine names slovakia[ |
|
Slovenia |
Slovene |
GN + FamN Peter Vodnik Slovenian SNs may show German,
Hungarian, Italian and Slavic influences (or Slovenicised forms) e.g. Schmidt
alongside Šmid Suffixes –
toponymic/topographical = -nik, -ek or –c, -šek, -an or –r e.g. Bohinec Patronymic common suffixes = -čič
or –ič, -ec and –c e.g. Gregorič (Many derived from Catholic
saints’ names) The patronymic suffix –ovič
indicates an origin in the border regions with Serbia/Croatia Suffixes occupational = -ar
and –ec e.g. Kavev ‘weaver’ Leading SN : Novak, Horvat,
Krajnc, Kovačič,
Zupančič, Kovač, Potočnik, Mlakar, Vidmar, Golob |
Women usually take husband’s SN, but not a fixed rule. Married women sometimes have feminized surnames (suffix –ova) Many Slovenian surnames can undergo substitution of the
letters, p with b (and vice-versa)
and b with v (and vice-versa)
e.g. Burgar and Purgar Omission of the the reduced
vowel ’e’ is common e.g. Debevec / Debevc Slovenes emigrated to USA, Germany, France, Argentina,
Canada, Australia and Serbia |
Mr = Gospod, Mrs = Gospa, Miss =
Gospodicna •The
database of first names and family names of citizens of the Republic of
Slovenia •Tasso et al. (2005) ‘Distribution of surnames and
linguistic-cultural identities in Western Slovenia’ Collegium
Anthropologicum 29 •Merku
(1993) ‘Svetniki v slovenskem imenoslovju’ [Slovenian surnames derived
from saints’ names] •Merku
(1982) ‘ Slovenski priimki na zahodni meji’ [Slovenian surnames on the
Western frontier] •Keber
(1988) ‘Leksikon imen : izvor imen na Slovenskem ‘ • (1991)
Slovenská onomastická konferencia (Bratislava, Slovakia :1989) |
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Solomon Islands |
|
PNs reflect line of descent from tribal chiefs |
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Somalia |
Somali (official) Arabic Italian English |
Population: 8.86m (in 1975) Ethnic groups: Somali 85%,
Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including Arabs 30,000) Arabic structure Most Somali names are originally Arabic, although some are pure Somali. GN + fPN +gfPN Though often fPN or gfPN dropped in everyday use Another source says:- GN + NN(often) + [undisclosed fGN] 2 Somali clans – Isaak and Darood |
Women retain their maiden names Children take father’s PN as their SN There are Somali communities in
Liverpool, Cardiff, Teeside, Sheffield, Manchester and London |
No honorifics; no equivalents to Mr/Mrs/Miss in the
vernacular •Bader (2004) ‘Les noms de personnes chez les
Somali’ Isbn -2747574377 |
|
South Africa |
IsiZulu 24% IsiXhosa 18% Afrikaans 13% Sepedi 9% English 8% Setswana 8% Sesotho 8% Xitsonga 4% |
Population 44,19m (july 2006 est) Ethnic groups: black African 79%, white 9.6%, colored
8.9%, Indian/Asian 2.5% (2001 census)
FamN + [prefix] + SN Paul Van der Merwe Es’kia Nzima |
•De Klerk & Lagonikos (2004) ‘First-name changes
in South Africa : the swing of the pendulum’ Int Jl of the Sociology of
Language 170 •De Klerk (2002 ) ‘Changing names in the new South
Africa : a diachromic survey’ Names 50 [Afrikaans] •De Klerk & Bosch (1997) ‘Nicknames of English
adolescents in South Africa’ Names 45 •De Klerk & Bosch (1996) ‘Naming practices in
the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa’ Names 44 •Herbert (1998-9) ‘Anthroponymy and cultural change
in Southern Africa’ Onoma 34 •Prabhakaran (1999) ‘A sociolinguistic analysis of
South African Telugu surnames’ South African Journal of Linguistics 17 •Van
Rooyen (2002) ’ 'N naam vir my kind’
[Afrikaans] Isbn 1868900339 |
•Herbert (1998) Personal naming and social
organization: the comparative anthroponymy of Southern Africa’ 19th ICOS Proc •Koopman (2002) ‘Zulu names’ •Machaba (2003) ‘Naming, heritage and identity in post-apartheid South Africa’ Nomina Africana 17 •Neethling (2006) ‘Naming among the Xhosa of South
Africa’ •Neethling (2005) ‘A minibus taxi by any other name,
woukd it run as sweet’ Names 53 [Xhosa naming] •Rosenthal (1965) ‘South African surnames’ •Turner (2000) ‘Zulu names and indirect
expression’ Names 48 •Hansen (2006) ‘Where names fall short: names as
performances in contemporary urban South Africa ‘ in ‘The anthropology
of names and naming’ isbn
0521848636 • (1977) Afrikaanse voorname’ Isbn-0949976202 •Nienaber
(1955) ‘Afrikaanse familiename’ |
|
South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands |
|
GN + SN UK forms |
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Spain |
Spanish Castilian
Spanish 74% Catalan 17% Galician 7%
Basque 2% note - Castilian is the official language but the other languages
are official in their regions |
Population: 40.4m (July 2006 est.) GN + fFamN + mFamN Manuel Gonzales Arroyo Before
marriage, the first or both FamN may be used, e.g. Juan Valera Leading
PN (female= Maria del Carmen, Maria del Pilar, Maria de las Mercedes, Maria
de los Doloros (=Carmen, Pilar, Mercedes, Doloros), Maria Jesus, Josefa
Jimena Leading PN (male) = Jesus,
Maria, Miguel, Angel, Jose, Juan, Pedro, Francisco, Javier, Carlos, Andres Leading
surnames= Garcia, Fernández,
González, Rodríguez, López , Martínez , Sánchez , Pérez , Martín, Gómez , Ruiz, Hernández, Jiménez ,
Díez , Álvarez , Moreno, Muñoz , Alonso, Gutiérrez , Romero, Navarro, Torres, Domínguez , Gil, Vázquez, Serrano,
Ramos, Blanco, Sanz, Castro, Suárez, Ortega, Rubio, Molina, Delgado, Ramírez,
Morales, Ortiz, Marín, Iglesias Spanish family names structure link The –z ending is derived from the Latin genitive
endings of –ci and –tii ►Regional characteristic
FamNs:- •Aragonese •Asturian Arango, Argüelles, Calderín Hervia, Miranda, Quirós, Solís,
Valdés •Basque Anaya, Araiza, Mendieta, Gamboa, Ochoa •Catalan Marines •Galician Amorin,Andal, Brenes, De Soto, Granda, Llanes, Navia, Pereda, Sarabia, Saravia, |
GN + fFamN +de+ hFamN Maria Arroyo de Gonzales Married women use both FamN or last Married women in
the UK sometimes use only husband’s FamN and omit ‘de’ e.g. Maria Gonzales cont. from right column ►Basque •’Nomenclátor de apellidos vascos’ Isbn- 8477879117 ►Catalonia •Albaigès i Olivart (2005) ‘El gran llibre dels
cognoms Catalans’ Isbn 8429756663 •Bagué (1975) ‘Noms personals de l’edat mitjana:
contribució a la història cultural deis païs catalans’ Isbn- 8427304021 •Bolos I Masclans (1994) ‘Repertori d’antròponims
catalans(RAC)’ Isbn-8472832775 •Corominas (1989-97) ‘Onomasticon Cataloniae :els noms
delloc I noms de persona de totes les terres de llengua catalana’ Isbn
8472563316 •Kohlheim (1998-9) ‘The change of cultural values as
reflected in modern name-giving in Catalonia’ Onoma 34 ►Cantabria González
Echegaray (2001) ‘Diccionario de apellidos y escudos de Cantabria’ Isbn- 8495742047 •Ramirez Sabada (1998-9) ‘ The names of Cantabria’ Onoma
34 ►Galicia •Bouillón & Tato Plazo (1998-9) ‘Personal names
in Galicia as a sign of cultural identification: historical scope and current
situation’ Onoma 34 •Feixo Cid (2003) ‘Dicionario galego dos nomos’ Isbn-8497820525 •Prego-Vázquez (2002-3) ‘¿De onde es? De quen es? :Local identities, discursive circulation, and manipulation of traditional Galician naming patterns’ Estudios de Sociolingüística: Linguas, Sociedades e
Culturas, 3-4 |
•Faure et al (2001)
‘Diccionario de apellidos españoles’ •Tibon (1988,1995) ‘Diccionario etimológico
comparado de los apellidos españoles, hispanoamericanos y filipinos’ •Albaigès i Olivart (1984) ‘Diccionario de nombres de personas’ Isbn-8475281400 •Alvarez (1971) ‘Categories of Spanish toponymical
surnames’ ICOS Proc 10 •Alvarez (1971) ‘Categories of Spanish toponymical
surnames’ in Disputationes ad montium vocabula aliorumque nominum significationes pertinentes. •Faure (2001) ‘Diccionario de apellidos
españoles’ Isbn 8423922898 •Ferreira (1990) ‘The system of patronymic names in
the Iberian peninsula’ ICOS Proc 17 •Fucilla (1976) ‘Office and occupational names in
Spain’ Names 24 •García Gallarin (1998) ‘Los nombres de pila españoles’ Isbn-8483721392 •Godoy (1980) ‘Ensayo historico etimologico filogico
sobre lis apellidos castellanos’ Isbn- 8473700082 •Hill
ed. (2000) ‘Spanish first names’ Isbn 0781807999 •Hills (1926) Spanish patronymics ending in –z’ Revue
Hispanique 68 •Gosnell (19xx) ‘Spanish personal names: principles
governing their formation and use’ •Platt (1996) ‘Hispanic surnames and family history’ •Santos
(1981) ‘Origin of Spanish names: cómo te llamas y por que tw llamas asi’ • (1995) ‘Gran diccionario de los nombres de persona’ Isbn 8431514612 • (2000) ‘Guía de todos los apellidos : sus origenes, su historia, como es
su escudo familiar, antepasados etc’ Isbn- 8493147311 |
|
Sri Lanka |
Sinhalese, Tamil, English |
•Sinhalese FamN + [GN or PN] A Simon de Silva FamN may be initialised, as above Leading FamN : Corea, De Silva,
De Soysa, Fernando, Gunawardena, Jayasuriya, Liyanage, Perera, Ranatunga •Tamil Name elements [PlN + FGN + PN + FamN or Caste N] Combinations Initialised fPN + GN = K.
Kailāsapathi PlN + PN = Nallūr Gnanaprakãsar FPN + PN + FamN = Jeronis Anthony
Miranda FamN (Western origin) of Christian Tamils e.g. Vaas,
Xavier, Peiris, Silva Caste N examples = Ayyar, Sārma, Sāstrika |
|
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St Helena |
|
|
|
Inc Ascension & Tristan da Cunha |
|
St Lucia |
|
|
|
Creole Tadd (St Lucia) Mr= Messieurs Mrs =Ma Miss =Mamselle •Crowley (1956) ‘Naming customs in St Lucia’ Social
& Economic Studies 5 |
|
Sudan |
Official Lang =Arabic ,
also Nubian, Ta Bedawie,
plus diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages |
Arab Forms |
|
Mr=
Sayed Mrs =Sayeda Miss= Anessa •Gardner (1995) ‘Namesakes, euphony and linguistic
meaning: trends in their influence over Sudanese Arabic female names’ Onomastica Canadiana 77 •Gardner, S. (2000) Religious significance among
Sudanese urban personal names. In Onomastik. Band II: |
|
Suriname |
Official Lang =Dutch, plus English widely
spoken. Plus Sranang Tongo, Hindustani,
Javanese |
|
|
Dutch Tadd:- Mr = De Heer Mrs =Mevrouw Miss=
Mejuffrouw Sranang Tongo, is the native
language of Creoles. But spoken by most of the younger generation- aka
Surinamese or Taki-Taki |
|
Swaziland |
Official Lang = English siSwati |
For vernacular use, Swazis prefix family name with the
titles Babe (“father”) and Make (“mother”) respectively |
Married women assume husband’s FamN For addressing, La is prefixed to female GN e.g. LaMaziza |
•Patricks (2002) ‘Tibongo netinanatelo temaSwati’ |
|
Sweden |
|
•Swedish GN + [PT] + FamN Karl-Erik Johannson 1901 Names Adoption Act required hereditary SNs 40% of native Swedes bear a PT-type SN .The majority of Swedish names are nonetheless non-PT
form e.g. Lindberg, Bergkvist, Nyman Names peculiar/typical to Sweden ►‘Artificial 2 element surnames’ e.g. placename + berg or ström
= Lindberg. Many elements denoting plants or trees (in particular gren
= branch and kvist=twig. Example= Lundkvist) ►Soldiers’ nickname surnames (often denoting
personal traits e.g. Blixt= Lightning
or anecdotal e.g. Karm = covered wagon) ►Surnames with Latin-derived suffixes Suffixes = -el/-ell , -en, -er, -(l)in, -ius, -aeus, -é e.g. Forsell, Moder, Mellin, Linnaeus, Linné -é = shortened form of , -ius, -aeus The suffixes –el, -in and –ius amount to 6000+ SNs The suffix –ander (=1,000 surnames) derived from
Greek for ‘man’ e.g. Bolander Historically, influence of German SNs e.g. Koch can
be a Swedish SN Leading FamN : Johansson, Andersson, Karlsson,
Nilsson, Eriksson, Larsson, Olsson, Persson, Svensson, Gustafsson,
Pettersson, Jonsson, Jansson, Hansson, Bengtsson, Jönsson, Petersson, Carlsson,
Gustavson, Magnusson, Lindberg, Olofsson •Lappish PTs + GN or GN + FamN Márjjá Biera or Paulus Utsi Patronymic(s) plus Given name,
and FamN often omitted |
Swedish Personal Name Act of 1982 provided equality
between the sexes and for children born inside or outside of marriage |
Mr= Herr Mrs= Fru Miss = Fröken •Olson (1981) ‘What’s in a Swedish surname? ‘
Swedish American Genealogist 1 •Modéer (1989) ‘Svenska personnamn’ Anthroponymica Suecana 5 •Tegner (1882) ‘Om svenska familjenamn’ •Swanson (1928) ‘The Swedish surname in America’ American Speech 3 |
|
Switzerland |
German 70% French 20% Italian 9% Rhaeto-Romansh 1% |
•German, French,
Italian GN + FamN Franz Müller Spoken German is a difficult dialect French and German is spoken in Cantons: Berne, Valais and
Frieborg Italian is spoken in Ticino, plus a few valleys in
Graubunden canton •Rhaeto-Romansh GN + [prep] + FamN Notta da Porta Preps = a, de, da |
|
•Loffler (1988) ‘Names and regional respectively
national identity in a polylingual country such as Switzerland’ NomAfr
2 •Senn (1948) ‘Swiss names’ Swiss Record 1 •Senn (1962) ‘Notes on Swiss personal names’ Names
10 •Meier (1989) Familiennamenbuch der
Schweiz •Grüter (2003) ‘Hypocoristics: the case of
U-formation in Bernese Swiss German’ Journal of Germanic Linguistics
15 •Rohrbach (1995) ‘Swiss surnames : a complete
register’Isbn13:
978-0-89725-206-5 |
|
Syria |
Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic |
Arabic naming system Heavy Turkish influence, and many names of Turkish and
Kurdish origin e,g, Adib al-Shishakli Men may have compound GNs |
|
Mr = Sayyed Mrs= Sayyedeh Miss = Anessah |
|
Taiwan |
|
FamN + GN-GN Gu Sze-tu Hyphenation as Wade-Giles system of transliteration Still in use |
|
•Liao (2003) ‘English names of Taiwanese university
students’ in A Garland of Names (ed. Ashley & Finke) |
|
Tadzhikistan |
Tadzhik |
Tajik 59%, Uzbek 23%, Russian 11%, GN + FamN Muzaffara Rustamova |
|
TAdd Agha or
Muhtaram (Mr), Khanum
(Mrs,Miss) |
|
Tanzania |
Kiswahili or
Swahili (official), English |
•Western form GN + FamN = Julius Nyere GN may be Western Islamic or trad FamN may be tribal
name, or a Western GN as SN FamN prefix wa = son,d. of, Apostrophe’s indicate pronunciation = Erasto Mang’enga •Traditional form PN or Compound Kizuku wa Maziku |
Ethnically, majority = Bantu |
Swahili TAdd: Bwana = Mr,
Bibi =Mrs, Bi= Miss Many clan names e.g. Lyimo in the north •Rosenberg (1976) “Shaaban Robert or Rober Shaaban?
Some thoughts on the entry word in Tanzanian personal names” Someni |
|
Tanzania -Zanzibar |
Kiunguja (i.e. Swahili), Arabic |
•Islamic form GN + part + fPN [+part + gPN]{+part + descent} Hasani bini Ismail |
|
|
|
Thailand |
Thai Miao-Yao |
PN + FamN Dhanit Yupho PN is the filing entry FamNs were officially introduced in 1915. FamN prefix = Na =at, of Relationship affixes [Nong= younger sibling; Phii
= elder sibling] Most Thai names
are combinations of words, and not necessarily compound FamNs •Hmong Laotian hill
tribe displaced to Thailand (and America) Clan name + PN Kang Leng Clan name examples: Cha, Hang, Kue, Nao, Pha ,Vang •Meo Mountain-tribe of Laos, Thailand and Burma PN examples: Masc= Jua, Thao, Vang Names= Faydang, Ly, Pao |
|
Terms of
address: Khun, Nai,
Nang, Nangsao • Yada `Arunwet (2001) ‘Laklai chu nai chiwit’
Isbn13- 9789748702872 [on PNs of Thais] •Gardiner & Lematawekul (1970) ‘Second-generation Chinese in
Thailand: a study of ethnic Identification’ Journal of
Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1 |
|
Togo |
French |
GN + FamN Yvone Dielade |
Wives takes husband’s FN on marrying |
French Tadd • Cornevin (1954) ‘Names among the Bassari’ Southwestern
Journal of Anthropology 10 • Adjeodah (1980) ‘Fête traditionnelle akposso-akébou Ovazou 1980 à Badou : thème, les "Akposso" et leur culture-civilisation : signification des noms akposso ‘ [Kposo] |
|
Tonga |
|
|
Married women assume husband’s FamN |
UK Tadd •Gifford (1929,1985) ‘Tongan society’ Isbn-0527021679 |
|
Trinidad & Tobago |
English |
GN + SN Clive Pegus |
Some women hyphenate husband ‘s SN to their maiden FamN |
UK TAdd |
|
Tunisia |
|
Arabic naming system The traditional nasab is retained, though preceded
by ben and not ibn FamN examples:- Abdeljilil, Adhoum, Akimi,
Badra, Bassir, Baya , Ben Younes, Benslimane
,Benzekri, Beya, Boukadida ,Bourguiba ,Chiba, Chiki, Chimane, Chipo, Chippo,
Dali, El Hadrioui, El Ouaer, Eyadema, Ghodbane, Hadda,
Hadji ,Hadrioui ,Hakimi, Meoki, Missaoui, Mor, Mzali ,Naybet, Negrouz,
Ouakili, Rokki ,Saber Sassi ,Sellimi, Souayati, Taher, Thabet, Trabelsi |
|
Mr= Sayed Mrs =Sayeda Miss= Anisa •Sebag (2002) ‘Les noms des juifs de Tunisie :
origines et significations’ Isbn 2747525953 |
|
Turkey |
|
GNs + FamN Abdullah Adnan Adivar Since 1934, each family has taken an official FamN There are no compound FamNs (foreign compounds are made
into 1 word) ’6
categories of FamN:- Occupational, place, heroic & tribal eponym, object, lakap
and euphonic "In 1974
Köksal identified 21,335 PNs in
Turkey |
Married women assume husband’s FamN Migration to the UK peaked in
1960-1. Mostly found in London, though also in Birmingham and Manchester.
Many of Kurdish origin |
•Spencer (1961) ‘The social context of modern
Turkish names’ Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 17 •Duman (2004) ‘ A characterization of Turkish
personal name inventory’ Int Jl of the Sociology of Language 165 •Köksal (1980) ‘Dil ve Ekin’ •A girgan (2004)
‘Dünden bügüne Edirne isimler sözlügü’ Isbn 975921847x [Turkish
PN dictionary] •Rasonyi (1976) ‘ The psychology and categories of name-giving among the Turkish people’ Türk Dili Araşturmalari Yillği: Belleten 34 •Aksan (1998) ‘Her Yönüyle Dil : Ana Çizgileriyle Dilbilim’ Develliğlu (1999) ‘Osmanlica-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lugat’ |
|
Turkmen-istan |
Turkmen |
GN +[ PT ]+ FamN Nury Kerbabaev (masc)
Nurtuvak Kurbabeva (female) Surnames declined according to gender Preferences for
given and surnames and the use of name endings ("-geldy;"
"-murad") vary from region to region. “Uzbek family names such as Orazbayev are sometimes
changed in practice to their Turkmen equivalents, Orazov, Dzhumageldyev to
Dzhuraniyazov, and so on.” |
Married women
often take husband’s FamN- but choice is theirs. Many retain maiden name, but
women whose last names are clearly non-ethnic Turkmen often adopt their Turkmen husband’s last names. |
•Edgar (2004) ‘Tribal nation: the making of Soviet
Turkmernistan’ |
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Turks & Caicos Islands |
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Tuvulu |
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Uganda |
English |
GN + FamN Ngugi Lwanga Prefixes used: lo, p’, wa (son of) Tucker p’Bitek |
|
• Nsimbi (1949) ‘African surnames’ Makere
3 [naming among the Baganda of
Uganda] • Musere (1996-7) ‘Proverbial names in Buganda’ Onoma
33 •Nsimbi (1980) ‘Luganda names, clans, and totems’ •Kapwepwe (2002) ‘Some Bemba names and their
meanings’ Isbn-9982030086 |
|
Ukraine |
Ukrainian |
GN +[PT] + FamN Mykolaj Mykolajovyč Kokjubyns’kyj (masc ) Nadija Mykolaijvna Kokjubyns’ka (feminine) PT and FamN take gender forms- PT sometimes omitted The FamN ending –enko is associated with e and central
Ukraine, whilst in the western parts, the following endings predominate,
-uk, -juk, -śkyj, -ćkyj, -źykj FamN examples: Beiko, Darienko,
Kravchuk, Xmelnýckyj, Wanczuk |
|
•Gauk (1961) ‘Ukrainian Christian names : a
dictionary’ •Hursky (1960) ‘The origin patronymic surnames in
Ukrainian,- Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the
USA 8 •Rudnyckyj (1982) ‘An etymological dictionary of the
Ukrainian language •Slavutych (1962) ‘Ukrainian surnames in –enko’ Names
10 •Holutiak-Hallick (1994) ‘Dictionary of Ukrainian
surnames in the United States’ •Triiniak (2005) ‘Slovnyk ukraïnskykh imen’ Isbn- 9665071637 |
|
United Kingdom |
English Gaelic Welsh |
•English GN + SN Andrew Smith •Gaelic GN + SN Alistair MacLeòid Màiri NicLeòid Affixes = Nic (daughter of), Mac,Mc Prefix = An No standard for Gaelic names, and spelling varies. Often close correspondence to an English form, and may be
used instead. PTs became Clan names. •Welsh medieval Elements { GN : part +:fPN : gPN : epithet,:occupation} Some Combinations GN + part +fPN = Dafydd ap Maredudd GN + epithet = Iolo Goch GN + profession = Owen Offeiriad GN + PlN = Dafydd Llyn |
|
•Morgan (1985) Welsh surnames |
|
USA |
|
|
|
•Smith (1969) ‘ American surnames’ •Smith (1973) ‘New dictionary of American family
names’ •Hanks ( )
‘Dictionary of American family names’ •Callary (ed.) (2006) ‘Surnames, nicknames, placenames and epithets in America :Essays in the theory of names’ Isbn- 0773455442 |
|
Uruguay |
Spanish |
GN + fFamN + mFamN |
|
•Pérez Santarcieri (2000)
‘.Nombres femeninos en el nomenclátor de Montevideo :
recopilación legislativa y reseñas biográficas ‘ Isbn- 9974600103 |
|
Uzbekistan |
Uzbek |
Russian [Patronymic] form GN + FamN +{ PT} Izzat Abdullaev (masc)
Saida Abdullaeva (fem) Mahmoud
Ahmedov
Rasulovich FamN take masc and feminine endings Uzbek form Izzat Abdulla ogli Gullora Faizullaefa kizi Ogli = son of; kizi = daughter of) |
|
Russian Tadd: Mr = Gospodin Mrs/Miss= Gospozha Uzbek Tadd:- Mr = Janob Mrs/Miss = Honim •Hvoslef (2001) ‘The social
use of personal names among the Kyrgyz Central Asian Survey 20 •Nabizoda (2003) ‘Ismlarimiz khosiiati’ Isbn- 5635021786 [Uzbek] |
|
Vanuatu |
English French Bislama |
|
|
Bislama Tadd Mr= Master Miss/Mrs= Missis |
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Vatican State |
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Venezuela |
Spanish |
GNs + fFamN + mFamN Juan Antonio Castillo Salazar People usu have 2 GNs |
|
•Flores (1999) ‘Breve diccionario de nombres :
origenes y significados’ Isbn -9806423380 |
|
Vietnam |
Vietnamese |
FamN + [intercalary] + GN Nguyễn Văn Minh Nguyễn Thi Minh Intercalaries (joining words) = Văn, Đin, Thi, Đăc Men may use Văn, women =
Thi. Sometimes within a family an intercalary is used to
differentiate between generations, or different branches of the family. Vietnamese lang is tonal, and so are names. The same
spelling with different tones are different names. Addressing someone by their FamN is rare. FamNs often have
no meaning, whilst intercalary + GN do. Only 99 FamNs (but only 25 are common ones) Leading GN : Dung, Thang, Thinh,
and Thi. Leading FamN : Nguyễn, Trần, Lê, Huỳnh (Hoàng),
Phạm, Phan, Vũ (Võ), Đ ng, Bùi, Đỗ, Hồ, Ngô,
Dương |
Married women do not take their husband’s FamN- instead
most take his PN. Children usually take FFamN |
Reading: •CIA (1961) ‘Vietnamese personal names’ Some UK Viietnamese are now placing FamN last |
|
Virgin Islands (British) |
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Virgin Islands (Usa) |
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Wallis & Fortuna |
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Western Sahara |
Arabic French |
Arabic forms Hamdan Hassan If a FN, it is placed 1st in the name string
(as above) , usually (but reversed orally) Names are not connected by preps , bin or al |
Married women retain maiden name |
Mr = Sayed
Mrs/Miss = Lalla |
|
Western Samoa |
Samoan |
|
Married women take husband’s SN |
|
|
Yemen |
|
Arabic forms |
Married women retain maiden name |
Mr =Sayed Mrs =Sayeda Miss = A’nisa There are estimated 8-15,000 Yemenis in Britain,
concentrated mostly in Birmingham, Sheffield, Cardiff, Liverpool, Manchester,
South Shields, Hull and London |
|
Zaïre |
French |
GN + FamN (but addressed as FamN + GN) Nsangolo Iwula :
addressed as Monsieur Iwula Nsangoloo |
Married women retain maiden name |
•Agomatanakahn (1974) ‘Introduction a
l'anthroponymie zaroïse ‘ •Agomatanakahn (1974) ‘Prologomènes a une étude des anthroponymes zaroïs’ •Mulumba
Katchy (1979) ‘Le droit au nom en droit zaïroiset en
droit comparé’ •Mundala Mpangande (1980) ‘Prénoms chrétiens en
yansi’ •Tango Muyay
(1980) ‘ Surnoms et sobriquets yansi’ |
|
Zambia |
English |
Population
= 11.5m (July 2006 est) Concept of SN
is alien to Zambian cultures, but due to W influence spreading (W or trad)GN + FamN Stephen Mpasi Mutumba Mainga sa = Luvale prefix (father of) integrated into last
name e.g. Kenneth Samulundu. Other Luvale prefixes (nya =mother of, and lya)
usually not, or ignored) |
|
•Lisimba (2000) ‘Lozi names in language and culture
‘ |
|
Zanzibar |
|
Arabic naming system |
|
|
|
Zimbabwe |
|
Sekayi Jessica Pswarayi |
Women adopt husband’s FamN |
People often choose a SN late in life. Reluctance to give
abandoned children a SN •Doke (1931) The Lamdas of Northern Rhodesia : a
study of their customs and beliefs’ •Jackson (1957) ‘Names of the vashona. NADA
Annual 34 |